ArticleBMJ open2022
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare workers during the first wave in Portugal: a cross-sectional and correlational study.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Risk factors associated with mental health symptoms among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in EMRO countries: a systematic review.BMC health services research · 2025Pooled it
- The Mental Health Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health and Social Care Workers.Health economics · 2026Article
- Development of a multicomponent survey of experiences of tragedy-based and fear-based trauma in COVID-19 healthcare professionals.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Identifying key mental health and improvement factors in hospital administrators working from home using a DEMATEL-based network analysis model.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- The mental health of laboratory and rehabilitation specialists during COVID-19: A rapid review.AIMS public health · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
objectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs) worldwide. This study aims to identify the degree to which sociodemographic variables and indicators of subjective well-being and psychological resilience are associated, positively and negatively, with the outcomes of burnout, stress, depression and anxiety among Portuguese HCWs observed during the first wave. It also aims to evaluate the strength of association of these variables and indicators with each outcome.
designCross-sectional quantitative study. The statistical methods used are simple logistic model, multiple logistic regression model and -2*log-likelihood statistic.
settingPortuguese HCWs living in Portugal and working in the Portuguese healthcare system.
participantsThe study included 1535 professionals, with a mean age of 38 years. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES MEASURES: Psychological variables were measured by Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, the Resilience Scale, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales and the Satisfaction with Life Scale.
resultsHigh levels of personal (55%; n=844), work-related (55.1%; n=846) and client-related burnout (35.4%; n=543) were found. Additionally, participants expressed substantial levels of depression (28.7%; n=441), stress (36.4%; n=558) and anxiety (33.1%; n=508). About 1202 participants (78.3%) demonstrated moderate-to-high levels of resilience. Profession, work regime during the pandemic, having a health problem, resilience and satisfaction with life are independent variables significantly associated with the outcomes of burnout, stress, depression and anxiety. Satisfaction with life was the independent variable that had a major association with all outcomes.
conclusionsGovernments and hospital administrations should take action to promote resilience and satisfaction with life as these variables are protective relating to mental health problems. Interventions as educational sessions, psychological support at work, programmes promoting resilience and coping mechanisms and better work conditions may improve mental health. The implementation of measures to protect healthcare students from developing prejudicial outcomes seams very adequate and important.
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