ArticleBMC urology2022
VEGF, EGFR and PSMA as possible imaging targets of lymph node metastases of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.
Article in BMC urology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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5 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Beyond Visualization: Advanced Imaging, Theragnostics and Biomarker Integration in Urothelial Bladder Cancer.Cancers · 2025Review
- Accuracy of dual-contrast gastrointestinal ultrasonography in predicting lymph node metastasis in older adults with gastric cancer.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
- Review
- Imipramine-induced Apoptosis and Metastasis Inhibition in Human Bladder Cancer T24 Cells Through EGFR/ERK/NF-κB Pathway Suppression.In vivo (Athens, Greece)Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundIn this study we investigated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) to analyze their potency as targets for the detection of lymph node (LN) metastases of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.
methodsAntigen expression was determined in 40 samples with urothelial carcinoma and compared to 17 matched samples without metastases by immunohistochemistry. The total immunostaining score (TIS 0-12) was determined as the product of a proportion score (PS 0-4) and intensity score (IS 0-3).
resultsVEGF expression was high in primary tumor and LN metastases (median TIS 8 in both) and VEGF expression was also seen in LNs without metastases (median TIS 6). EGFR expression was low in primary tumor and LN metastases (median TIS 3 and 2 respectively) and absent in LNs without metastases. PSMA expression was low in samples with urothelial carcinoma (median TIS 2).
conclusionVEGF shows moderate to high expression levels in both primary tumors and LN metastases and could be a candidate as a target agent for imaging modalities of urothelial carcinoma. EGFR and PSMA do show low staining levels in tumor tissue with urothelial carcinoma and do not seem suitable as target agents.
trial registrationThe Medical Ethics Review Board of the University Medical Center Groningen approved this study on 14 December 2017 (METc UMCG 2017/639). Trial registration number (UMCG Research Register): 201700868.
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