ArticleCell2023
Alarming antibody evasion properties of rising SARS-CoV-2 BQ and XBB subvariants.
Article in Cell, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06810934 (A Phase 1/2A, Randomized Study of a T Follicular Helper), which is not on this map. Cited by 560 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase 1/2A, Randomized Study of a T Follicular Helper (TFH)-Targeting Genetic Vaccine Strategy Designed to Induce Broad, Durable Immune Responses
Who cites it
560 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Unveiling protection: a meta-analysis of tixagevimab-cilgavimab prophylaxis in 28,950 transplant recipients and immunocompromised patients against COVID-19.Virology journal · 2025Pooled it
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Immunogenicity and safety of a COVID-19 DNA vaccine in healthy adults and elderly: A randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of PHH-1V booster against SARS-CoV-2 variants, including omicron subvariants: Results from a phase IIb open-label extension study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Trial
- Long-term anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody trajectories after neutralizing monoclonal antibody treatment.PloS one · 2025Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of a modified mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccine candidate against COVID-19: Results from a phase 1, dose-escalation study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Trial
- Trivalent recombinant protein vaccine induces cross-neutralization against XBB lineage and JN.1 subvariants: preclinical and phase 1 clinical trials.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Disulfide bonds stabilize the SARS-CoV-2 RBD and preserve binding to ACE2 following thermal denaturation.Bioscience reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Potent type-specific de novo antibodies complement broadly reactive imprinted antibodies in immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Tracking the shifting landscape of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Lebanon among healthcare workers and hospitalized patients.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Enhanced Immunogenicity and Cross-Neutralizing Activity of a Trivalent Adenoviral Vector-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Mice.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Directed evolution of a stem-helix-targeting antibody enables MERS-CoV cross-neutralization through enhanced binding affinity.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Intranasal boosting induces variant-specific responses in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-imprinted mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Distinct CD8iScience · 2026Article
- mRNA delivery of a class 1/4 SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody protects against diverse sarbecoviruses in a lethal mouse challenge model.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- A decoy virus strategy using plant-produced SARS-CoV-2 virus-like-particles to inhibit infection and lung injury.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- The Shifting Paradigm of Monoclonal Antibodies in COVID-19 Management: From Early Triumphs to Viral Resistance and Future Perspectives.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein's Structural Dynamics Affect the Activity of the Bebtelovimab Antibody.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 mRNA XBB1.5 vaccine immunogenicity in kidney transplant recipients.Virology journal · 2026Article
500 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The BQ and XBB subvariants of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron are now rapidly expanding, possibly due to altered antibody evasion properties deriving from their additional spike mutations. Here, we report that neutralization of BQ.1, BQ.1.1, XBB, and XBB.1 by sera from vaccinees and infected persons was markedly impaired, including sera from individuals boosted with a WA1/BA.5 bivalent mRNA vaccine. Titers against BQ and XBB subvariants were lower by 13- to 81-fold and 66- to 155-fold, respectively, far beyond what had been observed to date. Monoclonal antibodies capable of neutralizing the original Omicron variant were largely inactive against these new subvariants, and the responsible individual spike mutations were identified. These subvariants were found to have similar ACE2-binding affinities as their predecessors. Together, our findings indicate that BQ and XBB subvariants present serious threats to current COVID-19 vaccines, render inactive all authorized antibodies, and may have gained dominance in the population because of their advantage in evading antibodies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.