ReviewNeurophotonics2022
Systematic review of fNIRS studies reveals inconsistent chromophore data reporting practices.
Review in Neurophotonics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Motivational Coaching Cues Can Modulate Prefrontal Cortex Activity and Perceptual Responses of Elite Football Players During High-Intensity Interval Training: A Randomised Crossover fNIRS Study.European journal of sport science · 2026Trial
- Cortical hemodynamic responses during action observation with and without audiovisual stimuli: a randomized controlled experimental trial.Experimental brain research · 2026Trial
- Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation enhances locomotor adaptation savings in people with multiple sclerosis.Brain communications · 2025Trial
- Differences in the early stages of motor learning between visual-motor illusion and action observation.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Functional near-infrared spectroscopy: Systematic mapping of abnormal brain function features in neurological disorders.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Cortical neuromodulation by vibration-induced illusion of movement is observed in older individuals, but not in individuals with acute stroke: a cross-sectional fNIRS study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- fNIRS Hemodynamic Alterations in Developmental and Acquired Language Disorders and Dyslexia: An Exploratory Transdiagnostic Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Investigating the correlation between neural and muscular activities during bilateral arm training in stroke survivors: A cross-sectional study.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- fNIRS Hyperscanning of Negotiation: The Role of Personality and Neural Synchronization.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Cortical activity and functional organisation during ocular pursuit is affected by concurrent upper limb movement.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Cortical activation, gait performance, and muscle activation during dual-task walking in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Testosterone, cortisol, and fNIRS-based cortical activation associated with competitive task persistence and difficulty.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Virtual Reality-Based Pain Modulation in Subacute Musculoskeletal Injury: Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study of Neural and Behavioral Correlates.JMIR serious games · 2026Article
- Toward practical BCIs: a BMNABC-based feature selection and sensor optimization framework for implicit learning detection from multimodal EEG-fNIRS data.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Distinct neural mechanisms underlying the effects of agility and resistance-aerobic training on executive function and gait in young adults.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Linking brain activation to clinical outcomes: an fNIRS study in cochlear implant users and normal hearing individuals.Neurophotonics · 2026Article
- Reduced intra-frontal functional connectivity during a verbal fluency task in depressed individuals with autistic traits: an fNIRS study.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Visualizations during arithmetic tasks hamper performance and increase cognitive load in 9-year-olds: an fNIRS study.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Reduced left dorsolateral prefrontal activation during spatial imagery in elite snowboard halfpipe athletes.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Mother-Child Neurophysiological Synchrony Moderates the Relation Between Maternal Affect Experiences and Child Emotion Dysregulation.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Significance: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is unique among neuroimaging techniques in its ability to estimate changes in both oxyhemoglobin (HbO) and deoxyhemoglobin (HbR). However, fNIRS research has applied various data reporting practices based on these chromophores as measures of neural activation. Aim: To quantify the variability of fNIRS chromophore data reporting practices and to explore recent data reporting trends in the literature. Approach: We reviewed 660 fNIRS papers from 2015, 2018, and 2021 to extract information on fNIRS chromophore data reporting practices. Results: Our review revealed five general practices for reporting fNIRS chromophores: (1) HbO only, (2) HbR only, (3) HbO and HbR, (4) correlation-based signal improvement, and (5) either the total (HbT) or difference (HbDiff) in concentration between chromophores. The field was primarily divided between reporting HbO only and reporting HbO and HbR. However, reporting one chromophore (HbO) was consistently observed as the most popular data reporting practice for each year reviewed. Conclusions: Our results highlight the high heterogeneity of chromophore data reporting in fNIRS research. We discuss its potential implications for study comparison efforts and interpretation of results. Most importantly, our review demonstrates the need for a standard chromophore reporting practice to improve scientific transparency and, ultimately, to better understand how neural events relate to cognitive phenomena.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.