ArticleChronic stress (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)
A Psychometric Investigation of Racial Trauma Symptoms Using a Semi-Structured Clinical Interview With a Trauma Checklist (UnRESTS).
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exploring the associations between intersectional discrimination, shame, coping and trauma among Muslim women in Canada.Discover mental health · 2026Article
- Scoping Review of Experience Sampling Methodology Investigations of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms.Clinical psychology : a publication of the Division of Clinical Psychology of the American Psychological Association · 2026Article
- A Pilot Study Exploring the Feasibility of Virtual Written Exposure Therapy with Underserved Black Perinatal Women.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Racial trauma and its health impacts in Black people in the United States and Canada: a scoping review on conceptualizations, definitions and manifestations.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Treating Racial Trauma: The Methodology of a Randomized Controlled Trial of the Healing Racial Trauma Protocol.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Racism and cannabis-related problems among Black adults who smoke cigarettes: The role of negative emotions in responses to experiencing racism.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Racism and alcohol-related problems among Black adults: The role of negative emotionality to experiencing racism.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2024Article
- Anxiety-Related Disorders in the Context of Racism.Current psychiatry reports · 2023Review
- Development of the oppression-based traumatic stress inventory: a novel and intersectional approach to measuring traumatic stress.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Increasing our Understanding of Experiences of Discrimination and Chronic Stress.Chronic stress (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)Article
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2 authors.
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Abstract
The term racial trauma is used to describe the cumulative distressing and traumatizing effects of racism in all of its forms, and it closely resembles the construct of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This investigation aims to increase our understanding of racial trauma by comparing the characteristics of those with a clinically-relevant diagnosis of racial trauma to those without, based on the findings of a clinical semi-structured interview and symptom checklist for assessing racial trauma, the University of Connecticut Racial Ethnic Stress and Trauma Survey (UnRESTS), administered to a diverse group of adults (N = 97). This paper extends prior work on racial trauma by examining the correlations between racial trauma and validated self-report measures of discriminatory distress, controlling for racialization. We examine the correlation between a clinically-relevant diagnosis of racial trauma and racial/ethnic identity. We also compare racism-related PTSD symptoms in those with and without racial trauma to inform clinical assessment. Finally, we examine the factor structure of racial trauma symptoms using the 24 items from the UnRESTS PTSD symptom checklist and compare these to current DSM-5 models. The structure of racial trauma symptoms differed from the DSM-5 4-factor model, as do other PTSD models in the research literature. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
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