ArticleJournal of orthopaedic surgery and research2022
TSG-6 inhibits IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses and extracellular matrix degradation in nucleus pulposus cells by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Article in Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Thrombospondin-4 Regulates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Apoptosis and Inflammation in Nucleus Pulposus Cells via the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B Pathway.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
- Albiflorin Relieves Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Through Inhibiting Nucleus Pulposus Cell via the p38 MAPK/NF-κB Pathway.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
- Fucoidan improves intestinal peristaltic function in rats with postoperative ileus.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Programmed Cell Death of Chondrocytes, Synovial Cells, Osteoclasts, and Subchondral Bone Cells in Osteoarthritis.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- TSG-6 expression distinguishes rejected and non-rejected human lung transplants: a retrospective study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTumor necrosis factor (TNF)-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6), a secreted protein associated with inflammation, is believed to possess momentous and multiple anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective properties. However, the role and potential mechanism of TSG-6 in cervical disk degeneration (CDD) are still not clear. Hence, we aimed to explore the effect of TSG-6 on CDD.
methodsQuantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to detect the expression level of TSG-6 and IL-1β in normal and degenerated nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues. Then, qRT-PCR and western blot were adopted to test the TSG-6 protein expression after IL-1β treatment (10 ng/mL) in human NP cells (HNPCs). After over-expressing TSG-6, qRT-PCR was also utilized to evaluate the expression of TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-6 and the synthesis of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs), western blot to check the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins [collagen II, aggrecan, and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3)], pain-related molecules (CGRP, calcitonin gene-related peptide; NGF, nerve growth factor; SP, substance P), and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway-related proteins.
resultsBriefly speaking, TSG-6 and IL-1β expression levels were significantly increased in CDD patient tissues; and IL-1β treatment could significantly increase TSG-6 expression in HNPCs. Further research revealed that, in addition to greatly promoting sGAGs synthesis, TSG-6 over-expression also inhibited TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-6 expression and ECM degradation in IL-1β-induced HNPCs. (The collagen II and aggrecan expression was up-regulated and MMP-3 expression was down-regulated.) Furthermore, over-expression of TSG-6 could decrease the levels of CGRP, NGF, and SP protein expression and activate the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in IL-1β-treated HNPCs.
conclusionTSG-6 inhibits inflammatory responses, ECM degradation, and expression of pain-related molecules in IL-1β-induced HNPCs by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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