ArticleMolecular psychiatry2023
Inflammation and cognition in severe mental illness: patterns of covariation and subgroups.
Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multiancestry and Multitrait GWAS Meta-Analysis on Schizophrenia With a Sample of 322,321 Unveils Genetic Links to Chronic Lung Diseases.Genes, brain, and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Association Between Inflammatory Markers and Cognitive Function in Adults With Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2026Pooled it
- Predictors of successful anti-inflammatory drug trials in patients with schizophrenia: A meta-regression and critical commentary.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2023Pooled it
- Randomized double-blind inpatient study of a gluten-free diet for negative symptoms in people with schizophrenia.Schizophrenia research · 2026Trial
- Ensemble clustering: A practical tutorial.Behavior research methods · 2026Article
- Resting-state functional connectivity and cognitive impairment after COVID-19 infection: Evidence from a large-scale fMRI study.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026Article
- Shared genetic architecture of psychiatric disorders and ocular diseases: Evidence from genome-wide analyses.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- Understanding betel nut addiction: a review of harmful consequences, underlying neurobiology, and emerging intervention strategies.Translational psychiatry · 2026Review
- Peripheral inflammation mediates cognitive deficits in drug-naive schizophrenia through hippocampal-thalamo-visual circuitry dysfunction.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Machine learning for immune biomarkers in severe mental illness: a systematic review.Neuroscience applied · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial control of blood-brain barrier homeostasis in neuroinflammatory psychiatric disorders.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Factors associated with severe neurological sequelae of COVID-19: findings from the multicenter COVID-BRAIN imaging cohort.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Article
- Identifying Druggable Inflammatory Proteins Causally Contributing to Parkinson's Disease.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Shared neurobiological changes in individuals with Crohn's disease and major depressive disorder.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Minor immunomodulatory effects of psychotropics suggested in severe mental disorders: Associations of antipsychotics with beta defensin 2, antidepressants with C-reactive protein, and mood stabilizers with soluble interleukin 2 receptor.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- Pilot study of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers reveals inflammatory changes in patients with paranoid schizophrenia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Peripheral inflammation and neurocognitive functioning in early psychosis: Specific associations of TNF-α and IL-6 with social cognition.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- VCAM-1 in Cognitive Impairment: Mechanisms, Biomarker Potential, and Therapeutic Targeting.Aging and disease · 2025Review
- Inflammation and Cognition in Bipolar Disorder: Diverging Paths of Interleukin-6 and Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A potential relationship between dysregulation of immune/inflammatory pathways and cognitive impairment has been suggested in severe mental illnesses (SMI), such as schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar (BD) spectrum disorders. However, multivariate relationships between peripheral inflammatory/immune-related markers and cognitive domains are unclear, and many studies do not account for inter-individual variance in both cognitive functioning and inflammatory/immune status. This study aimed to investigate covariance patterns between inflammatory/immune-related markers and cognitive domains and further elucidate heterogeneity in a large SMI and healthy control (HC) cohort (SZ = 343, BD = 289, HC = 770). We applied canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to identify modes of maximum covariation between a comprehensive selection of cognitive domains and inflammatory/immune markers. We found that poor verbal learning and psychomotor processing speed was associated with higher levels of interleukin-18 system cytokines and beta defensin 2, reflecting enhanced activation of innate immunity, a pattern augmented in SMI compared to HC. Applying hierarchical clustering on covariance patterns identified by the CCA revealed a high cognition-low immune dysregulation subgroup with predominantly HC (24% SZ, 45% BD, 74% HC) and a low cognition-high immune dysregulation subgroup predominantly consisting of SMI patients (76% SZ, 55% BD, 26% HC). These subgroups differed in IQ, years of education, age, CRP, BMI (all groups), level of functioning, symptoms and defined daily dose (DDD) of antipsychotics (SMI cohort). Our findings suggest a link between cognitive impairment and innate immune dysregulation in a subset of individuals with severe mental illness.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.