Observational studyPediatric research2023
Structural racism is associated with adverse postnatal outcomes among Black preterm infants.
Observational study in Pediatric research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Structural racism as a fundamental cause of health inequities: a scoping review.International journal for equity in health · 2025Pooled it
- Socioeconomic disparities in the postnatal growth of preterm infants: a systematic review.Pediatric research · 2025Pooled it
- Maternal Area of Residence and Outcomes for Mother-Infant Dyads with Perinatal Opioid Exposure.American journal of perinatology · 2026Trial
- The relative importance of neighborhood environment features in explaining preeclampsia risk using machine learning.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Neighborhood Disadvantage and Dementia Risk Among Older Patients With Kidney Failure: Differences by Race/Ethnicity and Urbanicity.Kidney medicine · 2026Article
- Allied health services availability and human milk nutrition among preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- The Association of Hospital Characteristics with Brachial Plexus Birth Injury.Research square · 2026Article
- Differences in healthcare resource utilization by race/ethnicity among moderate to late preterm infants with respiratory distress Syndrome, Northern California.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Staff perspectives on racial inequities in the neonatal intensive care unit: the REJOICE study.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Neighborhood Factors, Air Pollution, and Mortality Among Kidney Failure Patients: Exploring Differences by Race and Ethnicity.Kidney medicine · 2026Article
- Residential Neighborhood Disadvantage and Access to Kidney Transplantation.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Environmental and social injustices impact dementia risk among older adults with end-stage kidney disease: a national registry study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- The impact of neighborhood-level racial and economic segregation on low-risk cesarean delivery among Black, White, and Biracial (Black/White) individuals.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- The Impact of Neighborhood-level Racial and Economic Segregation on Low-Risk Cesarean Delivery among Black, White, and Biracial (Black/White) Individuals.Research square · 2025Article
- Comparative Measurements: Ethnic Enclaves and Severe Maternal Morbidity in Asian, Black, and Hispanic Neighborhoods in California.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2025Article
- Impact of race-based customization on detection of fetal growth restriction.Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2025Article
- The Impact of Race and Ethnicity on Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia 1-Year Mortality.Pediatric pulmonology · 2025Article
- Historical redlining and mortality in children, adolescents, and young adults with cancer in California, 2000-2019.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
- Childhood Differences in Healthcare Utilization Between Extremely Preterm Infants and the General Population.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Gaps, Successes, and Opportunities Related to Social Drivers of Health from the Perspectives of Black Preterm Infant Caregivers: A Qualitative Study.The Journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStructural racism contributes to racial disparities in adverse perinatal outcomes. We sought to determine if structural racism is associated with adverse outcomes among Black preterm infants postnatally.
methodsObservational cohort study of 13,321 Black birthing people who delivered preterm (gestational age 22-36 weeks) in California in 2011-2017 using a statewide birth cohort database and the American Community Survey. Racial and income segregation was quantified by the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) scores. Multivariable generalized estimating equations regression models were fit to test the association between ICE scores and adverse postnatal outcomes: frequent acute care visits, readmissions, and pre- and post-discharge death, adjusting for infant and birthing person characteristics and social factors.
resultsBlack birthing people who delivered preterm in the least privileged ICE tertiles were more likely to have infants who experienced frequent acute care visits (crude risk ratio [cRR] 1.3 95% CI 1.2-1.4), readmissions (cRR 1.1 95% CI 1.0-1.2), and post-discharge death (cRR 1.9 95% CI 1.2-3.1) in their first year compared to those in the privileged tertile. Results did not differ significantly after adjusting for infant or birthing person characteristics.
conclusionStructural racism contributes to adverse outcomes for Black preterm infants after hospital discharge. IMPACT STATEMENT: Structural racism, measured by racial and income segregation, was associated with adverse postnatal outcomes among Black preterm infants including frequent acute care visits, rehospitalizations, and death after hospital discharge. This study extends our understanding of the impact of structural racism on the health of Black preterm infants beyond the perinatal period and provides reinforcement to the concept of structural racism contributing to racial disparities in poor postnatal outcomes for preterm infants. Identifying structural racism as a primary cause of racial disparities in the postnatal period is necessary to prioritize and implement appropriate structural interventions to improve outcomes.
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