ArticleEuropean heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes2023
Sex differences in the etiology and burden of heart failure across country income level: analysis of 204 countries and territories 1990-2019.
Article in European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Patients' Perspectives on Applications of AI and Personalized Medicine in Life-Threatening Heart Disease: European Cross-Sectional Patient Questionnaire Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Prediction of Risk of Unplanned Readmission or Death in Elderly Heart Failure Patients During the Vulnerable Phase: Machine Learning With SHAP Interpretation.FASEB bioAdvances · 2026Article
- Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists for the treatment of heart failure and kidney disease: a state-of-the-art review.Heart failure reviews · 2026Review
- Recruitment Strategies in Registry-Based Observational Research: A Single-Center Experience in the United States from the HeartShare Study.Journal of cardiac failure - intersections · 2026Article
- Global trends and projections in cardiovascular disease-related heart failure, 1990-2050: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease 2021 data.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Strategies to improve regional representation in heart failure randomized controlled clinical trials.Nature cardiovascular research · 2026Review
- Sex differences in the prevalence and prognosis of tricuspid regurgitation among patients with heart failure.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2026Article
- Global burden of heart failure due to cardiovascular diseases, 1990-2021 and predictions to 2035 based on GBD 2021.ESC heart failure · 2026Article
- Global, regional, and national burden and projections of severe heart failure attributable to hypertensive, ischemic, and rheumatic heart diseases: an analysis from the global burden of disease study 2021.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Heart Failure in Lebanon: A Glimpse into the Reality of Growing Burden.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Predicting 30-Days Hospital Readmission for Patients with Heart Failure Using Electronic Health Record Embeddings: Comparative Evaluation.JMIR medical informatics · 2025Article
- Trends and projections of heart failure among adolescents and young adults: an in-depth analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of heart failure and its risk factors between 1990 and 2021 and projections to 2050: an analysis of the global burden of disease study.European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes · 2025Article
- The global, regional, and National burden of severe heart failure (SHF) due to intracerebral hemorrhage, ischemic heart disease, or stroke, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Increased MyocardialInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Ambient air pollution does not diminish the beneficial effects of active commuting on heart failure: a prospective study in UK Biobank.BMC public health · 2025Article
- 2025 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2025Review
- Global, regional, and national burden of heart failure and its underlying causes, 1990-2021: results from the global burden of disease study 2021.Biomarker research · 2025Article
- Sex-Based Differences and Outcomes in Unselected Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHeart failure (HF) is a global epidemic.
objectiveTo assess global sex differences in HF epidemiology across country income levels. METHODS AND
resultsUsing Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data from 204 countries and territories 1990-2019, we assessed sex differences in HF prevalence, etiology, morbidity, and temporal trends across country sociodemographic index or gross national income. We derived age-standardized rates. Of 56.2 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 46.4-67.8 million) people with HF in 2019, 50.3% were females and 69.2% lived in low- and middle-income countries; age-standardized prevalence was greater in males and in high-income countries. Ischaemic and hypertensive heart disease were top causes of HF in males and females, respectively. There were 5.1 million (95% UI 3.3-7.3 million) years lived with disability, distributed equally between sexes. Between 1990 and 2019, there was an increase in HF cases, but a decrease in age-standardized rates per 100 000 in males (9.1%, from 864.2 to 785.7) and females (5.8%, from 686.0 to 646.1). High-income regions experienced a 16.0% decrease in age-standardized rates (from 877.5 to 736.8), while low-income regions experienced a 3.9% increase (from 612.1 to 636.0), largely consistent across sexes. There was a temporal increase in age-standardized HF from hypertensive, rheumatic, and calcific aortic valvular heart disease, and a decrease from ischaemic heart disease, with regional and sex differences.
conclusionAge-standardized HF rates have decreased over time, with larger decreases in males than females; and with large decreases in high-income and small increases in low-income regions. Sex and regional differences offer targets for intervention.
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