ArticleObesity (Silver Spring, Md.)2023
Intermittent fasting and protein pacing are superior to caloric restriction for weight and visceral fat loss.
Article in Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Intermittent Fasting for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Risks: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Current nutrition reports · 2025Pooled it
- Intermittent fasting strategies and their effects on body weight and other cardiometabolic risk factors: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Pooled it
- Gut microbiome remodeling and metabolomic profile improves in response to protein pacing with intermittent fasting versus continuous caloric restriction.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition impacts energy homeostasis and induces sex-specific body weight loss in humans.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2023Trial
- Intermittent Fasting and Fat-Free Mass Outcomes in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Scoping Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Responses to Intermittent Fasting: A Narrative Review Across Physiological, Clinical, and Psychosocial Contexts.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Review
- From Soil to Brain: Olive Oil Attributes, Consumer Choices, Intermittent Fasting, and Their Impact on Health.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Article
- High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and nuclear factor I A in type 2 diabetes and mild cognitive impairment: biomarkers and mechanistic insights.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2025Article
- Time-restricted feeding improves metabolic syndrome by activating thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue and reducing inflammatory markers.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Aging, ROS, and cellular senescence: a trilogy in the progression of liver fibrosis.Biogerontology · 2024Review
- Chronic mistimed feeding results in renal fibrosis and disrupted circadian blood pressure rhythms.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2024Article
- Plant-Based Dietary Protein Is Associated with Lower Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Division III Female Athletes: A Pilot Study.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Various Intermittent Fasting Regimens in Alleviating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Prediabetes: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2024Review
- The pathophysiology of visceral adipose tissues in cardiometabolic diseases.Biochemical pharmacology · 2024Review
- Metabolic changes with intermittent fasting.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2024Article
- Time-restricted eating, the clock ticking behind the scenes.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study compared intermittent fasting and protein pacing (IF-P) versus a heart-healthy caloric restriction (CR) diet, matched for energy intake and physical activity energy expenditure, on body weight, total and visceral fat mass, and cardiometabolic health outcomes in adults with obesity.
methodsIF-P (n = 21) and CR (n = 20) were assessed pre- (week 0), mid- (week 5), and post- (week 9) intervention.
resultsBoth groups reduced (p < 0.05) weight, total and visceral fat mass, blood pressure and lipids, and desire to eat food and increased proportion of fat-free mass. IF-P resulted in greater (p < 0.05) reductions in weight (-9% vs. -5%), total (-16% vs. -9%) and visceral (-33% vs. -14%) fat mass, and desire to eat (-17% vs. 1%) and increased fat-free mass percent (6% vs. 3%) compared with CR. These improvements were despite similar weekly total energy intake (IF-P, 9470 ± 550 vs. CR, 9095 ± 608 kcal/wk; p = 0.90) and physical activity energy expenditure (IF-P, 300 ± 150 vs. CR, 350 ± 200 kcal/d; p = 0.79).
conclusionsIF-P and CR optimize weight loss, body composition, cardiometabolic health, and hunger management, with IF-P providing greater benefits.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.