Trial reportObesity (Silver Spring, Md.)2023
Impact of early time-restricted eating on diet quality, meal frequency, appetite, and eating behaviors: A randomized trial.
Trial report in Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Comparative efficacy of dietary interventions for overweight or obese adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of time-restricted eating without caloric restriction on blood pressure and cardiometabolic profile in non-diabetic adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Circadian alignment of food intake and glycaemic control by time-restricted eating: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2024Pooled it
- Circadian alignment of food intake and glycaemic control by time-restricted eating: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Appetite: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Relative Effects of Time-Restricted Eating, Energy-Restricted Eating, and Unrestricted Eating on Eating Patterns and Dietary Intake: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2026Trial
- Time-Restricted Eating on Appetite and Inflammation in Adults With Obesity and Prediabetes: A Randomized Feeding Study.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Trial
- Changes in Resting Energy Expenditure in Response to Different Dietary Patterns: A Randomized Clinical Trial Exploratory Sub-Analysis.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- Four-week time restricted eating intervention is associated with improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors and dysregulated eating among emerging adult women: a single-armed trial.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Effects of 8-h time-restricted eating on energy intake, dietary composition and quality in adolescents with obesity.Pediatric obesity · 2024Trial
- Development and feasibility testing of a time-restricted eating intervention for women living with overweight/obesity and HIV in a resource-limited setting of South Africa.BMC public health · 2024Trial
- Review
- Time-restricted eating and metabolic health: implications for nutritional strategies and weight loss.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Time-Restricted Eating, ANGPTL4, and Reduction in Residual Cardiovascular Risk.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Restoring a Healthy Relationship with Food by Decoupling Stress and Eating: A Translational Review of Nutrition and Mental Health.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Advancing Chrononutrition for Cardiometabolic Health: A 2023 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop Report.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTime-restricted eating (TRE) can reduce body weight, but it is unclear how it influences dietary patterns and behavior. Therefore, this study assessed the effects of TRE on diet quality, appetite, and several eating behaviors.
methodsAdults with obesity were randomized to early TRE plus energy restriction (eTRE + ER; 8-hour eating window from 7:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.) or a control eating schedule plus energy restriction (CON + ER; ≥12-hour window) for 14 weeks. Food intake was assessed via the Remote Food Photography Method, while eating patterns, appetite, and eating behaviors were assessed via questionnaires.
resultsA total of 59 participants completed the trial, of whom 45 had valid food records. eTRE + ER did not affect eating frequency, eating restraint, emotional eating, or the consistency of mealtimes relative to CON + ER. eTRE + ER also did not affect overall diet quality. The intensity and frequency of hunger and fullness were similar between groups, although the eTRE + ER group was hungrier while fasting.
conclusionsWhen combined with a weight-loss program, eTRE does not affect diet quality, meal frequency, eating restraint, emotional eating, or other eating behaviors relative to eating over more than a 12-hour window. Rather, participants implement eTRE as a simple timing rule by condensing their normal eating patterns into a smaller eating window.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.