ArticleObesity (Silver Spring, Md.)2023
Neighborhood socioeconomic differences in BMI: The role of fast-food outlets and physical activity facilities.
Article in Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Socioeconomic inequalities in exposure to neighbourhood environments for physical activity: a systematic review.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2026Pooled it
- Area-level socioeconomic status and children's body weight: examining the role of unhealthy food environments.Nutrition journal · 2026Article
- Is neighborhood socioeconomic status associated with health behavior in Berlin? Cross-sectional data of the German National Cohort (NAKO).BMC public health · 2026Article
- Effect of fast-food environments on children's eating behaviour: A random effect within between analysis within the Generation R Study.Pediatric obesity · 2025Article
- Are area-level socioeconomic inequalities in obesity moderated by neighbourhood greenery?BMC public health · 2024Article
- Neighborhood socioeconomic differences in BMI: The role of fast-food outlets and physical activity facilities.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe goal of this study was to investigate the association between neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) and BMI and to what extent this association is moderated by availability of fast-food (FF) outlets and pay-for-use physical activity (PA) facilities.
methodsBaseline data of adults in Lifelines (N = 146,629) were linked to Statistics Netherlands and a register using geocoding to compute, respectively, NSES (i.e., low, middle, high) and the number of FF outlets and PA facilities within 1 km of the residential address. Multivariable multilevel linear regression analyses were performed to examine the association between NSES and BMI. Two-way and three-way interaction terms were tested to examine moderation by FF outlets and PA facilities.
resultsParticipants living in low NSES areas had a higher BMI than participants living in high (B [95% CI]: 0.76 [0.65 to 0.87]) or middle NSES areas (B [95% CI]: 0.40 [0.28 to 0.51]), independent of individual socioeconomic status. Although two- and three-way interactions between NSES, FF outlets, and PA facilities were significant, stratified analyses did not show consistent moderation patterns.
conclusionsPeople living in lower NSES areas had a higher BMI, independent of their individual socioeconomic status. The study found no clear moderation of FF outlets and PA facilities. Environmental factors that may mitigate NSES differences in BMI should be the subject of future research.
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