ArticleAnnals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology2023
Tick bite as a risk factor for alpha-gal-specific immunoglobulin E antibodies and development of alpha-gal syndrome.
Article in Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Partial tolerance achieved in persistent alpha-gal syndrome: A case report.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2026Article
- Human monoclonal antibodies targeting α-Gal restrict IgE engagement of α-Gal syndrome allergens.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Perioperative Considerations for Alpha-Gal Syndrome: A Literature Review and Single-Center Experience in a Highly Endemic Area.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Why are the ticks winning, and what can we do about it?Ticks and tick-borne diseases · 2026Review
- Alpha-gal Syndrome Symptom Profiles and Diagnostic Experiences Among Farmer and Ranchers.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Alpha-gal-specific human IgE promotes both alpha-gal-induced and antigen-independent allergic effector cell activation.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Adverse Drug Reactions: Comparing Crotalidae Immune Polyvalent Antivenoms F(ab')Annals of emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Alpha-gal sensitization and allergic blood transfusion reactions: a scoping review.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- IgE to Galactose-α-1,3-Galactose (α-Gal) and Relevance to Ustekinumab First-Dose Infusion Reactions and Allergenicity.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Article
- Immunologic comparison of alpha-gal sensitized and non-sensitized groups from a community based sample.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Could alpha-gal syndrome be the cause of southern tick-associated rash illness (STARI)? : A simple study could answer that question.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2025Article
- Ticked Off: Allergic Effector Cells in the Pathogenesis of Alpha-gal Syndrome.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2025Review
- A Review of Alpha-Gal Syndrome for the Infectious Diseases Practitioner.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Living close to the forest is a risk factor for galactose-α-1,3-galactose sensitization.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2025Article
- Pre-clinical strategies and emerging technologies driving advances in the alpha-gal syndrome.Allergology international : official journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology · 2025Review
- The Immunology of Alpha-Gal Syndrome: History, Tick Bites, IgE, and Delayed Anaphylaxis to Mammalian Meat.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- IgG to Galactose-Alpha-1,3-Galactose: Impact of Alpha-Gal IgE Sensitization, Blood Type, and Tick Bites.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Alpha-Gal Syndrome after Ixodes scapularis Tick Bite and Statewide Surveillance, Maine, USA, 2014-2023.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Onset of Alpha-Gal Syndrome after Tick Bite, Washington, USA.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Time From Onset to Diagnosis of Alpha-Gal Syndrome.JAMA network open · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe disaccharide galactose-α-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal) is expressed in mammals other than humans, apes, and old-world monkeys. In humans, elevated immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies specific for alpha-gal can result in allergic hypersensitivity known as alpha-gal syndrome (AGS). Case reports and series suggest that tick bites can induce alpha-gal-specific IgE (sIgE) antibodies.
objectiveTo evaluate tick exposure as a risk factor for AGS and elevated alpha-gal sIgE level.
methodsWe conducted a case-control study comparing patients with AGS from a North Carolina allergy clinic with controls who were patients at a nearby internal medicine clinic. Cases and controls were administered a questionnaire to obtain information about demographics, home environment, outdoor activities, and recollection of tick bite. Serum samples taken at the time of enrollment were tested for total IgE, alpha-gal sIgE, and antibodies to other tick-borne pathogens.
resultsThe patients with AGS were more likely to recall finding a tick on themselves (odds ratio [OR], 11.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.97-25.15), live near wooded forest (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 0.92-5.55), and spend 17 or more hours per week outdoors in wooded areas (OR, 5.58; 95% CI, 2.56-12.19). The patients with AGS were also more likely to report 4 or more tick bites (OR, 33.05; 95% CI, 9.92-155.12) and reactions at the site of tick bites (OR, 7.93; 95% CI, 3.74-16.80). Furthermore, elevated alpha-gal sIgE level was observed in 33% of the controls and was associated with tick exposure in the controls (OR, 4.25; 95% CI, 2.21-8.18).
conclusionThe results define tick bite as a risk factor for AGS and elevated alpha-gal sIgE level.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.