SynthesisEnvironmental health : a global access science source2022
Relation of blood lead levels and lead in gasoline: an updated systematic review.
Synthesis in Environmental health : a global access science source, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Environmental Burden of Lead and Public Health Issues in Nigeria: A Systematic Review of Emerging Evidence.Biological trace element research · 2026Pooled it
- Back to the future: trace lead in ambient air from wood fuel combustion.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic and maternal predictors of elevated blood lead levels during pregnancy in Adjara, Georgia.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Lead and mercury exposure in pregnant women in the UK: a cross-sectional observational study (the PEAR Study).BMJ open · 2026Observational
- Article
- Hidden Hazards: Blood Lead and Cadmium Levels Associated with Biochemical and Hematological Markers.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2026Article
- Modifying exposure to plastic-associated chemicals in daily living.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Toxic Metal Content in Mexican Propolis: A Human Health Risk Assessment.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Modeling Elevated Children's Blood Lead Levels across Five U.S. States: A Statistical Approach to Improve Predictions and Understand Key Drivers.ACS environmental Au · 2026Article
- Global Burden of Lead Exposure: Integrating Epidemiology, Molecular Mechanisms, and Mitigation Approaches.Health science reports · 2026Article
- A Heavy Metal and Trace Element Biomonitoring Study in a Young Cohort (Aged 18-24) in Istanbul, Turkey.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Soil Screening by High School Students to Map Lead Contamination From Mining in Peru.GeoHealth · 2026Article
- Synergism between Distribution, Mechanistic and Omics Analyses in Studies on Assessing Environmental Exposure and Human Health Impact.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Article
- So what? Elevating the impact of implementation science.Implementation science communications · 2025Article
- Environmental Determinants of Early Childhood Caries: A Narrative Synthesis of Observational Evidence and Implications for Global Policy.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of lead-attributable intellectual developmental disability in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2021, with projections up to 2040: the global burden of disease 2021 study.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Air pollution interventions for health.Nature medicine · 2025Review
- Tracking Lead: Potentiometric Tools and Technologies for a Toxic Element.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Lead Poisoning in the Americas: Sources, Regulations, Health Impacts, and Molecular Mechanisms.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMillions of tons of lead were added to gasoline worldwide beginning in 1922, and leaded gasoline has been a major source of population lead exposure. In 1960s, lead began to be removed from automotive gasoline. Removal was completed in 2021.
objectivesTo determine whether removal of lead from automotive gasoline is associated with declines in population mean blood lead levels (BPb).
methodsWe examined published studies that reported population blood leaded levels for two or more years, and we calculated average concentrations of lead in gasoline corresponding to the years and locations of the blood lead level measurements.
resultsRemoval of lead from gasoline is associated with declines in BPb in all countries examined. In some countries, BPb continues to fall after lead has been eliminated from gasoline. Following elimination of lead from gasoline, BPb less than 1 μg/dL have been observed in several European and North American countries, and BPb less than 3 μg/dL have been documented in several studies from South America. DISCUSSION: There remain many countries for which no multi-year studies of populations BPb have been identified, including all of Central America, high population countries including Pakistan and Indonesia, and major lead producers including Australia and Russia.
conclusionRemoval of lead from gasoline has been a public health success. Elimination of lead from gasoline has enabled many countries to achieve population mean BPb levels of 1 μg/dL or lower. These actions have saved lives, increased children's intelligence and created great economic benefit in countries worldwide.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.