ArticleEuropean journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society2023
The mortality burden of frailty in hip fracture patients: a nationwide retrospective study of cause-specific mortality.
Article in European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07780006 (Efficacy of Oral Nutritional Supplement in Femoral Neck Fracture Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroplasty), which is not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy of Oral Nutritional Supplement in Femoral Neck Fracture Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of frailty on postoperative complications in older adults after hip fracture: a systematic review of observational studies.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- The Predictive Value of The 9-Point Clinical Frailty Scale on Outcomes in Older Adults with Hip Fracture: A Systematic Review.Journal of frailty, sarcopenia and falls · 2026Review
- Complications and outcomes after operative treatment of low-energy pelvic ring and acetabular fractures.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2026Article
- In older adults undergoing surgical fixation or arthroplasty following upper limb fractures, does frailty predict post-operative complications and mortality? A systematic review and meta-analysis.JSES reviews, reports, and techniques · 2026Review
- [Predictive capacity of 30-day mortality using the Nottingham Scale in people aged 65 years or older with hip fracture in Michoacán].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2026Observational
- Salvage total hip arthroplasty after internal fixation compared with acute total hip arthroplasty for fracture: a cohort study based on 32,960 cases from the Dutch Arthroplasty Register.Acta orthopaedica · 2026Article
- Frailty Assessment in Total Hip Arthroplasty for Femoral Neck Fracture.Hip & pelvis · 2026Article
- Long-term trajectories and cumulative exposure of the triglyceride-glucose-frailty index in relation to hip fracture risk: evidence from a large-scale population-based cohort.Archives of osteoporosis · 2026Article
- Acknowledging the Trauma and Connecting With the Human Spirit After Hip Fracture: A Qualitative Study.Nursing open · 2026Article
- Postoperative osteoporosis therapy and risk of re-fracture in elderly patients with hip fractures: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Article
- Shifting bisphosphonate prescribing patterns for fracture prevention: a 24-year national surveillance of men in the U.S. Veterans Health Administration.Archives of osteoporosis · 2026Article
- Peri-operative nutrition in femoral neck fracture arthroplasty: a pragmatic framework to mitigate dual-hit catabolism and improve outcomes.Orthopedic reviews · 2026Article
- Postoperative Hypoalbuminemia as a Predictor of Early Mortality After Cementless Hemiarthroplasty for Hip Fractures.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Factors associated with frailty and the effect of frailty on postoperative outcomes in older adults with hip fracture.Ulusal travma ve acil cerrahi dergisi = Turkish journal of trauma & emergency surgery : TJTES · 2025Article
- Frailty as a determinant of mortality, surgical timing and hospital stay in proximal femur fractures: a retrospective cohort study.European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · 2025Article
- Predictors of 1-year mortality in a clinical cohort of hip fracture patients.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2025Article
- Risk factors and nomogram predictive model of severe postoperative complications in elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- Comparative Analysis of Frailty Scores for Predicting Adverse Outcomes in Hip Fracture Patients: Insights from the United States National Inpatient Sample.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- The relationship and predictive value of dementia and frailty for mortality in patients with surgically managed hip fractures.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2024Article
- Association of preoperative frailty with the risk of postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery: a prospective cohort study.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeFrailty is a condition characterized by a reduced ability to adapt to external stressors because of a reduced physiologic reserve, which contributes to the high risk of postoperative mortality in hip fracture patients. This study aims to investigate how frailty is associated with the specific causes of mortality in hip fracture patients.
methodsAll adult patients in Sweden who suffered a traumatic hip fracture and underwent surgery between 2008 and 2017 were eligible for inclusion. The Orthopedic Hip Frailty Score (OFS) was used to classify patients as non-frail (OFS 0), pre-frail (OFS 1), and frail (OFS ≥ 2). The association between the degree of frailty and both all-cause and cause-specific mortality was determined using Poisson regression models with robust standard errors and presented using incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for potential sources of confounding.
resultsAfter applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 127,305 patients remained for further analysis. 23.9% of patients were non-frail, 27.7% were pre-frail, and 48.3% were frail. Frail patients exhibited a 4 times as high risk of all-cause mortality 30 days [adj. IRR (95% CI): 3.80 (3.36-4.30), p < 0.001] and 90 days postoperatively [adj. IRR (95% CI): 3.88 (3.56-4.23), p < 0.001] as non-frail patients. Of the primary causes of 30-day mortality, frailty was associated with a tripling in the risk of cardiovascular [adj. IRR (95% CI): 3.24 (2.64-3.99), p < 0.001] and respiratory mortality [adj. IRR (95% CI): 2.60 (1.96-3.45), p < 0.001] as well as a five-fold increase in the risk of multiorgan failure [adj. IRR (95% CI): 4.99 (3.95-6.32), p < 0.001].
conclusionFrailty is associated with a significantly increased risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality at 30 and 90 days postoperatively. Across both timepoints, cardiovascular and respiratory events along with multiorgan failure were the most prevalent causes of mortality.
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