ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
Case report: Persistent shedding of a live vaccine-derived rubella virus in a young man with severe combined immunodeficiency and cutaneous granuloma.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rubella-associated granulomatous inflammation presenting as subcutaneous nodules in the lower extremities.JAAD case reports · 2026Article
- Current infectious disease management challenges in inborn errors of immunity.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2025Review
- Granuloma and persistent detection of wild-type rubella virus in an immunocompromised patient.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- The Spectrum of Cutaneous Granulomatous Inflammation and Detection of Rubella Virus in Skin Biopsies of Patients With Common Variable Immune Deficiency.Journal of cutaneous pathology · 2025Article
- Cutaneous granulomas associated with rubella virus: A clinical review.Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A young man with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency developed a persistent vaccine-derived rubella virus (VDRV) infection, with the emergence of cutaneous granulomas more than fifteen years after receipt of two doses of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. Following nasopharyngeal swab (NP) collection, VDRV was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and sequencing, and live, replication-competent VDRV was isolated in cell culture. To assess duration and intensity of viral shedding, sequential respiratory samples, one cerebrospinal fluid sample, and two urine samples were collected over 15 months, and VDRV RNA was detected in all samples by RT-qPCR. Live VDRV was cultured from nine of the eleven respiratory specimens and from one urine specimen. To our knowledge, this was the first reported instance of VDRV cultured from respiratory specimens or from urine. To assess potential transmission to close contacts, NP specimens and sera were collected from all household contacts, all of whom were immunocompetent and previously vaccinated with MMR. VDRV RNA was not detected in any NP swabs from the contacts, nor did serologic investigations suggest VDRV transmission to any contacts. This report highlights the need to understand the prevalence and duration of VDRV shedding in granuloma patients and to estimate the risk of VDRV transmission to immune and non-immune contacts.
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