ArticleCureus2022
Effect of Uncomplicated Diabetes Mellitus on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Among COVID-19 Patients in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia.
Article in Cureus, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; an ssRNA virus), which mainly affects the respiratory system but can also cause damage to other body systems. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious complication of COVID-19 that requires early recognition and comprehensive management. ARDS is a diffuse inflammatory process that causes diffuse alveolar damage in the lung. Aim: The study aimed to assess the effect of uncomplicated diabetes mellitus on ARDS among COVID-19 patients in the Aseer region. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in Aseer Central Hospital between July 10, 2021 to Jan 15, 2022 where confirmed inpatient COVID-19 cases in the Aseer region were classified into two groups. The first group was diabetic patients without any diabetes-related complications and confirmed for COVID-19 infection (diabetes group). The second group was confirmed COVID-19 patients free from any chronic disease. Extracted data included patients' diabetes status, medical history, socio-demographic data, COVID-19 infection data and vaccination, experienced signs and symptoms, tachypnea, use of accessory muscles of respiration, nasal flaring, grunting, cyanosis, need for hospitalization, need for mechanical ventilation and ICU admission. Results: The study included 144 patients with uncomplicated diabetes and 323 healthy patients with COVID-19 infection. The mean age of the diabetic group was 65.4 ± 12.9 years old compared to 40.2 ± 11.9 years old for the healthy group. Only one case of the diabetic group was vaccinated against COVID-19 at the study period versus two cases of the healthy group (P=.925). Also, 14 (9.7%) of the diabetic group were contacted with confirmed COVID-19 cases in comparison to 44 (13.6%) healthy cases (P=.238). A total of five (3.5%) diabetic cases needed mechanical ventilation during hospitalization compared to 23 (7.1%) healthy cases with no statistical significance (P=.125). Also, 12 (8.3%) diabetic cases admitted to ICU versus 42 (13%) of healthy cases (P=.145). Conclusions: In conclusion, there is a great controversy regarding the effect of diabetes on the progression of COVID-19 infection to ARDS. The current study showed that there was no significant difference between diabetic and healthy COVID-19 infected cases regarding ARDS related clinical factors mainly need of ICU admission and mechanical ventilation.
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