Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36568764›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2022

Causal relationship between health insurance and overall health status of children: Insights from Pakistan.

Noshaba Aziz, Tinghua Liu, Shaoxiong Yang, Wioletta Zukiewicz-Sobczak

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Noshaba AzizSchool of Economics, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China.
Tinghua LiuSchool of Economics, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China.
Shaoxiong YangCollege of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.
Wioletta Zukiewicz-SobczakDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Calisia University, Kalisz, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Evaluating the impact of health insurance always remains a methodologically challenging endeavor due to the absence of sample randomization. This paper evaluates the impact of health insurance on the health status of children in Pakistan using the data of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) for Punjab, Pakistan, from 2017 to 2018. The study adopted the propensity score matching (PSM) method to address the sample selection bias. The sample is matched on potential covariates such as mother characteristics (education level), household head characteristics (gender, age, and education), and other household conditions (such as home dwelling, internet access, wealth index, migration member, number of children residing in the home, as child illness, etc.). The findings revealed that children with insurance have considerably better health than non-insured, at a 1% significance level. The results confirm that health insurance is not a luxury but a need that improves children's overall health. In this regard, governments should enhance and expand programs related to health insurance, especially for children. Health insurance programs will not only help poor people but also improve the overall infrastructure of health services in the country.

Indexed as

Family CharacteristicsInsurance, HealthChildFemaleHealth StatusHumansMothersPakistanchild healthhealth insuranceMICSPakistanpropensity score matching

Identifiers

PMID36568764
PMCPMC9768499

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.