ReviewFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2022
Advances in machine learning applications for cardiovascular 4D flow MRI.
Review in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pulmonary hypertension and the role of MRI flow assessment: a systematic review.The British journal of radiology · 2025Pooled it
- Advancements in Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Directions.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Pole-To-Pole 3D Radial Trajectory Designs Improve Image Quality and Quantitative Parametric Mapping in the Brain and Heart.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- AI-driven radiomics in vascular disease: a narrative review of image analysis and clinical translation.Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy · 2026Review
- Clinical Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Cardiovascular Imaging: Where Do We Stand?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Associations Between Hemodynamics, Shape and Atherosclerosis in M1 of Middle Cerebral Artery: Insights From 4-Dimensional Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Ischemic Stroke.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Hemodynamic forces derived from cine cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: technical aspects, applications in various clinical scenarios, and in athlete's heart.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Going with the flow: Implementing a 4D flow MRI program at a children's hospital.Pediatric radiology · 2025Review
- Hemodynamic Characterization of Peripheral Arterio-Venous Malformations Using Rapid Contrast-Enhanced MR Imaging: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- A Fully Automated Analysis Pipeline for 4D Flow MRI in the Aorta.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Beyond Size: Advanced MRI Breakthroughs in Predicting Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture Risk.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Review of the Current State of Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Expanding the volume on 4D flow CMR : Editorial for "Robustness of 4D flow MRI derived aortic wall shear stress and pulse wave velocity across different protocols in healthy controls and in patients with bicuspid aortic valve".The international journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2025Article
- Aortopathy associated with bicuspid aortic valve: advances in clinical and hemodynamics research.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Review
- Unraveling diurnal and technical variability in cerebral hemodynamics from neurovascular 4D-Flow MRI.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2024Article
- Four-dimensional flow MRI for quantitative assessment of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics: Status and opportunities.NMR in biomedicine · 2024Review
- Exploring the Intersection of Geophysics and Diagnostic Imaging in the Health Sciences.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Enhancing Fetal Anomaly Detection in Ultrasonography Images: A Review of Machine Learning-Based Approaches.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- 4Dflow-VP-Net: A deep convolutional neural network for noninvasive estimation of relative pressures in stenotic flows from 4D flow MRI.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2023Article
- Mechanism Analysis of Vascular Calcification Based on Fluid Dynamics.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has evolved as a non-invasive imaging technique to visualize and quantify blood flow in the heart and vessels. Hemodynamic parameters derived from 4D flow MRI, such as net flow and peak velocities, but also kinetic energy, turbulent kinetic energy, viscous energy loss, and wall shear stress have shown to be of diagnostic relevance for cardiovascular diseases. 4D flow MRI, however, has several limitations. Its long acquisition times and its limited spatio-temporal resolutions lead to inaccuracies in velocity measurements in small and low-flow vessels and near the vessel wall. Additionally, 4D flow MRI requires long post-processing times, since inaccuracies due to the measurement process need to be corrected for and parameter quantification requires 2D and 3D contour drawing. Several machine learning (ML) techniques have been proposed to overcome these limitations. Existing scan acceleration methods have been extended using ML for image reconstruction and ML based super-resolution methods have been used to assimilate high-resolution computational fluid dynamic simulations and 4D flow MRI, which leads to more realistic velocity results. ML efforts have also focused on the automation of other post-processing steps, by learning phase corrections and anti-aliasing. To automate contour drawing and 3D segmentation, networks such as the U-Net have been widely applied. This review summarizes the latest ML advances in 4D flow MRI with a focus on technical aspects and applications. It is divided into the current status of fast and accurate 4D flow MRI data generation, ML based post-processing tools for phase correction and vessel delineation and the statistical evaluation of blood flow.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.