SynthesisFrontiers in oncology2022
Treatment- and immune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors in esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Synthesis in Frontiers in oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk Factors of Immune-Mediated Hepatotoxicity Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Pooled it
- A meta-analysis based on propensity analysis studies comparing neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Pretreatment immune-inflammatory prognostic score in predicting clinical outcomes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma receiving neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Factors associated with immune‑related severe adverse events (Review).Molecular and clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Development and Validation of an Interpretable ML Model for Survival Prediction in Unresectable ESCC with Immunochemotherapy.Cancer management and research · 2025Article
- Article
- Immunotherapy for Resectable Locally Advanced Esophageal Carcinoma.The Annals of thoracic surgery · 2024Review
- Immunotherapy for esophageal cancer: Where are we now and where can we go.World journal of gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Case report: Toxic epidermal necrolysis induced by tislelizumab in a patient with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To systematically evaluate the safety and adverse event profiles of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with esophageal cancer (EPC) or gastroesophageal junction cancer (GEJC). Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and major conference proceedings were systematically searched for all phase II or phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in EPC or GEJC using ICIs. Safety outcomes including treatment-related adverse events (trAEs), immune-related adverse events (irAEs), and serious trAEs were evaluated by network meta-analysis or dichotomous meta-analysis based on the random-effects model. Results: Eleven RCTs involving EPC (five RCTs) and GEJC (six RCTs) were included in the final meta-analysis. NMA showed that placebo was associated with the best safety ranking for grade 3-5 trAEs (SUCRA = 96.0%), followed by avelumab (78.6%), nivolumab (73.9%), ipilimumab (57.0%), and pembrolizumab (56.6%). Conventional pairwise meta-analysis (CPM) showed that ICIs have similar grade 3-5 trAE risk compared with chemotherapy (RR = 0.764, 95% CI: 0.574 to 1.016, Conclusion: Different ICIs had different toxicity manifestations and should not be considered as an entity. Compared with chemotherapy, ICIs were more prone to irAEs, but the overall rates remained low and acceptable. For clinicians, it is important to recognize and monitor the adverse events caused by ICIs for patients with EPC or GEJC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.