ArticleNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2023
Sources of Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Their Associations With Serum Cotinine Levels Among US Children and Adolescents.
Article in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Analysis of Assessment Methods for Detecting Nicotine Residue and Its Impact on Humans: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- Global, regional, and national prevalence of second-hand smoke and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.The Lancet. Public health · 2026Article
- Serum cotinine-assessed tobacco exposure, cadmium co-exposure, and childhood obesity: a cross-sectional study.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Article
- Biomarker-questionnaire discordance in secondhand smoke exposure among Korean children: A secondary analysis of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey, 2016-2017 and 2019-2020.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Trends in academic research on thirdhand smoke using bibliometric analysis.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Review
- The Healthy Homes Study: Protocol for a cluster randomized trial of a place-based smoke-free home intervention in affordable housing.PloS one · 2025Article
- Association of Zinc Intake, Tobacco Smoke Exposure, With Metabolic Syndrome: Evidence from NHANES 2007-2018.Biological trace element research · 2024Article
- Does higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels will harm bone mineral density?: a cross-sectional study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2024Article
- Association of magnesium deficiency, tobacco smoke exposure and hypertension in children and adolescents: evidence from the NHANES 2007-2018.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Association between tobacco smoke exposure and serum parathyroid hormone levels among US adults (NHANES 2003-2006).Scientific reports · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionWe assessed tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) levels based on private and public locations of TSE according to race and ethnicity among US school-aged children ages 6-11 years and adolescents ages 12-17 years. AIMS AND
methodsData were from 5296 children and adolescents who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2018. Racial and ethnic groups were non-Hispanic white, black, other or multiracial, and Hispanic. NHANES assessed serum cotinine and the following TSE locations: homes and whether smokers did not smoke indoors (home thirdhand smoke [THS] exposure proxy) or smoked indoors (secondhand [SHS] and THS exposure proxy), cars, in other homes, restaurants, or any other indoor area. We used stratified weighted linear regression models by racial and ethnic groups and assessed the variance in cotinine levels explained by each location within each age group.
resultsAmong 6-11-year-olds, exposure to home THS only and home SHS + THS predicted higher log-cotinine among all racial and ethnic groups. Non-Hispanic white children exposed to car TSE had higher log-cotinine (β = 1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.91% to 2.37%) compared to those unexposed. Non-Hispanic other/multiracial children exposed to restaurant TSE had higher log-cotinine (β = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.23% to 2.03%) compared to those unexposed. Among 12-17-year-olds, home SHS + THS exposure predicted higher log-cotinine among all racial and ethnic groups, except for non-Hispanic black adolescents. Car TSE predicted higher log-cotinine among all racial and ethnic groups. Non-Hispanic black adolescents with TSE in another indoor area had higher log-cotinine (β = 2.84, 95% CI = 0.85% to 4.83%) compared to those unexposed.
conclusionsTSE location was uniquely associated with cotinine levels by race and ethnicity. Smoke-free home and car legislation are needed to reduce TSE among children and adolescents of all racial and ethnic backgrounds. IMPLICATIONS: Racial and ethnic disparities in TSE trends have remained stable among US children and adolescents over time. This study's results indicate that TSE locations differentially contribute to biochemically measured TSE within racial and ethnic groups. Home TSE significantly contributed to cotinine levels among school-aged children 6-11 years old, and car TSE significantly contributed to cotinine levels among adolescents 12-17 years old. Racial and ethnic differences in locations of TSE were observed among each age group. Study findings provide unique insight into TSE sources, and indicate that home and car smoke-free legislation have great potential to reduce TSE among youth of all racial and ethnic backgrounds.
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