ArticleVaccine2023
Association of dual COVID-19 and seasonal influenza vaccination with COVID-19 infection and disease severity.
Article in Vaccine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Cardiovascular Complications of Seasonal Influenza in the Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Era: Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Clinical Implications.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children and adolescents: insights from an Italian paediatric cohort using a machine-learning approach.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Progress in combination vaccines and the co-administration of influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Tri-State Evaluation of the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Routine Vaccine Uptake in Iowa, Minnesota, and North Dakota, 2017-2021.Journal of community health · 2024Article
- Association between COVID-19 Booster Vaccination and COVID-19 Outcomes among U.S. Adults.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Influenza immunization of healthcare personnel in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era: Still a lot to do!Vaccine: X · 2023Article
- Article
- Combining COVID-19 and seasonal influenza vaccines together to increase the acceptance of newly developed vaccines in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a cross-sectional study.Annals of medicine · 2023Article
- Concurrent administration of COVID-19 vaccine and seasonal influenza vaccine: No increased estimated vaccine-related mortality rate.Indian journal of pharmacologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The clinical guideline states that COVID-19 vaccination can be administered concurrently with Influenza (flu) vaccination (dual vaccination). Using data from the 2021 National Health Interview Survey, we conducted descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regressions to examine the association between dual vaccination status and self-reported COVID-19 infection and severity. Among 21,387 (weighted 185,251,310) U.S. adults, about 22% did not receive either the flu or COVID-19 vaccine, 6.0% received the flu vaccine only, 29.1% received the COVID-19 vaccine only, and 42.5% received both vaccines. In the multivariate analysis, individuals with dual vaccination (OR, 0.65, 95% CI, 0.56-0.75) and COVID-19 vaccine only (OR, 0.71, 95% CI, 0.61-0.82) were significantly less likely to report COVID-19 infection when compared with those unvaccinated. There was no significant difference in self-reported COVID-19 symptom severity by vaccination status. The results suggest that dual vaccination may be an effective strategy to reduce the contagious respiratory disease burden.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.