ReviewAntiviral research2023
Kill or corrupt: Mechanisms of action and drug-resistance of nucleotide analogues against SARS-CoV-2.
Review in Antiviral research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Towards broader-spectrum direct-acting antivirals against RNA viruses.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- The nucleoside analog CMX521 inhibits coronavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase via a two-pronged mechanism.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Targeting host lipogenesis with a diarylamide inhibitor disrupts SARS-CoV-2 replication.iScience · 2026Article
- Substrate and target selectivity of 4'-fluoroadenosine against viral and host polymerases.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- The nucleoside analog CMX521 inhibits coronavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase via a two-pronged mechanism.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Copy-back RNA synthesis by coronavirus polymerase requires helicase activity and is stimulated by remdesivir and molnupiravir.Science advances · 2026Article
- The guanosine nucleotide analog bemnifosbuvir inhibits hepatitis E virus infection in cell and organoid models.Virologica Sinica · 2026Article
- RNA with Azvudine Incorporated One Nucleotide Upstream of 3'-End Resists Cleavage by SARS-CoV-2 Proofreading Exonuclease.Research square · 2026Article
- DNA-dependent RNA polymerase incorporates β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC) linking Molnupiravir to host transcription-dependent mutagenesis.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Inhibitory effects of molnupiravir on Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus polymerase.NAR molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Structural basis for selective remdesivir incorporation by SARS-CoV-2 polymerase, and S759A resistance.Research square · 2025Article
- Template switching by coronavirus polymerase requires helicase activity and is stimulated by remdesivir and molnupiravir.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Remdesivir Exposure Leads to Different Evolutionary Pathways That Converge in Moderate Levels of Drug Resistance.Viruses · 2025Article
- Chemoselective Difluoromethylation of Nucleosides.Organic letters · 2025Article
- Antivirals in COVID-19: A Focus on Pediatric Cardiac Patients.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2025Review
- The activation cascade of the broad-spectrum antiviral bemnifosbuvir characterized at atomic resolution.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Small Molecule Drugs Targeting Viral Polymerases.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- An exonuclease-resistant chain-terminating nucleotide analogue targeting the SARS-CoV-2 replicase complex.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of Novel β-D-N4-Hydroxycytidine Ester Prodrugs as Potential Compounds for the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Human Coronaviruses.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Oligomeric State of β-Coronavirus Non-Structural Protein 10 Stimulators Studied by Small Angle X-ray Scattering.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nucleoside/tide analogues (NAs) have long been used in the fight against viral diseases, and now present a promising option for the treatment of COVID-19. Once activated to the 5'-triphosphate state, NAs act by targeting the viral RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase for incorporation into the viral RNA genome. Incorporated analogues can either 'kill' (terminate) synthesis, or 'corrupt' (genetically or chemically) the RNA. Against coronaviruses, the use of NAs has been further complicated by the presence of a virally encoded exonuclease domain (nsp14) with proofreading and repair capacities. Here, we describe the mechanism of action of four promising anti-COVID-19 NAs; remdesivir, molnupiravir, favipiravir and bemnifosbuvir. Their distinct mechanisms of action best exemplify the concept of 'killers' and 'corruptors'. We review available data regarding their ability to be incorporated and excised, and discuss the specific structural features that dictate their overall potency, toxicity, and mutagenic potential. This should guide the synthesis of novel analogues, lend insight into the potential for resistance mutations, and provide a rational basis for upcoming combinations therapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.