ArticleCancer epidemiology2023
Differences in risk factors for head and neck cancer among men and women in Nepal: A case-control study.
Article in Cancer epidemiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of dietary patterns and inter-meal intervals in hypopharyngeal cancer: A case-control study from Assam, India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Incidence, Risk Factors, and Epidemiological Trends of Head and Neck Cancer: A Global Analysis.MedComm · 2025Article
- The Burden of Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer Among Women Across 204 Countries and Territories in the Context of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Sociodemographic determinants and assessment of anti-α-Gal IgG titers in head and neck cancer patients.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus-Associated Head and Neck Cancer in Rwanda: A 10-Year Review.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Exploring the oral-gut microbiota during thyroid cancer: Factors affecting the thyroid functions and cancer development.Food science & nutrition · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHead and neck cancer (HNC) is a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in Nepal. The study aims to investigate differences in risk factors for head and neck cancer by sex in Nepal.
methodsA hospital-based case-control study was conducted at the B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital in Nepal from 2016 to 2018. A semi-structured questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic characteristics, dietary habits, reproductive factors, household air pollution, tobacco use (smoking and chewing), alcohol consumption, and second-hand smoking was used to collect the data. Odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders.
resultsA total of 549 HNC cases (438 men and 111 women) and 601 age-matched healthy controls (479 men and 122 women) were recruited in this study. An increased risk of HNC for low education level and family income were observed among men (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for 3rd grade and less= 1.58, 95 % CI= 1.14-2.18; AOR for family monthly income < 5000 Rupees = 1.64, 95 % CI 1.20-2.24). The AORs among women were higher than the men for known risk factors (AOR for smoking 1.34 (95 % CI 0.96-1.86) for men, 2.94 (95 % CI 1.31-6.69) for women; AOR for tobacco chewing 1.76 (95 % CI 1.27-2.46) for men, 10.22 (95 % CI 4.53-23.03) for women).
conclusionOur results point to an effect modification by sex for HNC risk factors with high AORs observed among women.
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