SynthesisJournal of orthopaedic surgery and research2022
Serum versus synovial fluid interleukin-6 for periprosthetic joint infection diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 30 diagnostic test accuracy studies.
Synthesis in Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synovial interleukin-6 point-of-care testing, alone and combined with D-dimer, supports rapid diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2026Article
- Key Inflammatory Pathways, Biomarkers, and Targeted Management Strategies in Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- MRSA-dominant colonization and synergistic pathogenicity withJournal of orthopaedic translation · 2026Article
- Role of procalcitonin and interleukin-6 in early detection of infection in patients undergoing conversion from external fixation to definitive internal fixation in open fractures- A pilot study.European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · 2026Article
- A novel host-based strategy for detecting low-grade prosthetic joint infection using immune cell pattern in synovial fluid.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Global trends in biomarker research for periprosthetic joint infection: a bibliometric analysis.Arthroplasty (London, England) · 2026Article
- Beyond Cultures: The Evolving Role of Molecular Diagnostics, Synovial Biomarkers and Artificial Intelligence in the Diagnosis of Prosthetic Joint Infections.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Periprosthetic joint infection after arthroplasty: advances and future prospects.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Review
- The Ongoing Struggle to Find a Gold Standard for PJI Diagnosis.Reports (MDPI) · 2025Review
- Diagnostic accuracy of alpha-defensin ELISA and lateral flow assays for periprosthetic joint infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of bone and joint infection · 2025Review
- Diagnostic accuracy of interleukin-6 in multiple diseases: An umbrella review of meta-analyses.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection: The Utility of Biomarkers in 2023.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Profiling the Immune Response to Periprosthetic Joint Infection and Non-Infectious Arthroplasty Failure.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEarly and accurate detection of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after hip and/or knee arthroplasty remains challenging. This systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of serum and synovial fluid interleukin (IL)-6 in detecting PJI.
methodsWe searched 3 databases for studies through December 31, 2021, using medical sub-headings terms and keywords. Studies reported sensitivity and specificity of serum and synovial fluid IL-6 in detecting PJI were considered. We calculated the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of serum and synovial fluid IL-6.
resultsThirty studies were included. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio, DOR, and AUC of serum IL-6 in detecting PJI were 0.76 (0.69-0.81), 0.88 (0.82-0.92), 6.2 (4.3-9.0), 0.28 (0.22-0.35), 22 (14-36), and 0.88 (0.85-0.91), respectively. However, synovial fluid IL-6 achieved a pooled sensitivity of 0.87 (0.75-0.93), specificity of 0.90 (0.85-0.93), positive and negative likelihood ratio of 8.5 (5.3-13.6) and 0.15 (0.08-0.29), DOR of 57 (21-156), and AUC of 0.94 (0.92-0.96), which were higher than serum IL-6.
conclusionsSynovial fluid IL-6 test may be a promising test for PJI after hip and/or knee arthroplasty. However, considering the limited volume of synovial fluid and invasive acquisition of synovial fluid IL-6, serum IL-6 test may be also considered.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.