ArticlePediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology2022
Food allergen introduction patterns in the first year of life: A US nationwide survey.
Article in Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Timing of Allergenic Food Introduction in Infants, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Rising trends in infant ER encounters for food-induced allergic reactions in the era of early allergenic food introduction.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2026Article
- Evaluating the face validity of early eats: A consumer-focused educational website to enhance practical skills in complementary feeding and early allergen introduction.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026Article
- Guidelines for Early Food Introduction and Patterns of Food Allergy.Pediatrics · 2025Article
- Navigating early allergenic food introduction: Practices and barriers among parents and caregivers.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2025Article
- Temporal, Age, and Racial and Ethnic Trends in Allergen Consumption from 2-Day 24-Hour Recalls, NHANES 2003-2023.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2025Article
- Food allergen introduction practices and parent/caregiver attitudes based on family history of food allergy.Frontiers in allergy · 2025Article
- Feasibility and Safety of the Early Introduction of Allergenic Foods in Asian Infants with Eczema.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Understanding how socioeconomic determinants affect the development of allergy to common foods in children.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2023Article
- Food allergen introduction patterns in the first year of life: A US nationwide survey.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2022Article
- Disparities in Caregiver-Reported Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviors, and Clinical Guidance Regarding Primary Prevention of Peanut Allergy.Academic pediatricsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrevention guidelines have changed over the past decade and now recommend the earlier introduction of peanut and egg without delaying the introduction of other food allergens. This paper explored caregiver practices regarding the introduction of food allergens during infancy.
methodsA survey was administered (2021) to a US population-based sample of 3062 caregivers (children 7 months - 3.5 years). Demographics and feeding practices were collected. Weighted frequencies and proportions were calculated using the svyr package in R 4.1. Survey-weighted chi-square statistics and covariate-adjusted, survey-weighted logistic regression models were used for statistical inference.
resultsCow's milk, wheat, and soy were the top three allergens introduced. Peanut and egg were introduced by 17.2% and 15.5% of caregivers before 7 months and 58.8% and 66.4% before 1 year, respectively. The age of peanut and egg introduction differed significantly by race/ethnicity (p < .001) and caregiver age (p < .001). Peanut and egg introduction before 7 months was significantly associated with the increased introduction of other allergenic foods before 1 year (p = <.001; peanut and p = < .001; egg). Caregivers who introduced peanut and egg before 7 months infant age fed an additional mean of 5.4 and 4.5 food allergens, respectively, before 1 year. Few caregivers (0.9%) reported feeding an "early food allergen introduction product" ≥ 3 times, which was significantly associated with parental food allergy (OR = 2.2) and previously seen an allergist (OR = 6.7).
conclusionMore than half of the caregivers are not introducing peanut by age of one year and one-third are not introducing egg, though an observed shift toward earlier peanut and egg introduction was seen in the past 5 years. Peanut and egg introduction seem to co-occur and are associated with increased intake of other food allergens.
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