ArticleVaccine2023
A safety study evaluating non-COVID-19 mortality risk following COVID-19 vaccination.
Article in Vaccine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Questionable robustness in the findings of a meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Pooled it
- COVID-19 vaccination and short-term mortality risk: a nationwide self-controlled case series study in The Netherlands.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Against Mortality in the Omicron Period: Evidence from Linked Mortality and Vaccination Records.Vaccines · 2025Article
- COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination and 4-Year All-Cause Mortality Among Adults Aged 18 to 59 Years in France.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Tinnitus risk after COVID-19 XBB.1.5 vaccination: A self-controlled case series study.Vaccine · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of a Covid mRNA Vaccine Against Two Early Variants: A Reanalysis of Published Data.Cureus · 2025Article
- Dynamic effects of COVID-19 vaccination on major acute cardiovascular events and mortality following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a target trial emulation study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Mirror of Erised: a retrospective population-wide study of Czech all-cause mortality data by COVID-19 vaccination status.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Comparative Analysis of COVID-19 Severity and Mortality Among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Individuals During the Delta Variant Surge in a Tertiary Care Center: A Cohort Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- What Lessons can Be Learned From the Management of the COVID-19 Pandemic?International journal of public health · 2025Review
- COVID-19 vaccination, all-cause mortality, and hospitalization for cancer: 30-month cohort study in an Italian province.EXCLI journal · 2025Article
- Association between mRNA COVID-19 vaccine boosters and mortality in Japan: The VENUS study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Review
- Long-Lasting Enhanced Cytokine Responses Following SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against severe COVID-19 among patients with cancer in Catalonia, Spain.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Early Mortality After the First Dose of COVID-19 Vaccination: A Target Trial Emulation.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Observational
- Article
- Biases in COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness studies using cohort design.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe safety of COVID-19 vaccines plays an important role in addressing vaccine hesitancy. We conducted a large cohort study to evaluate the risk of non-COVID-19 mortality after COVID-19 vaccination while adjusting for confounders including individual-level demographics, clinical risk factors, health care utilization, and community-level socioeconomic risk factors.
methodsThe retrospective cohort study consisted of members from seven Vaccine Safety Datalink sites from December 14, 2020 through August 31, 2021. We conducted three separate analyses for each of the three COVID-19 vaccines used in the US. Crude non-COVID-19 mortality rates were reported by vaccine type, age, sex, and race/ethnicity. The counting process model for survival analyses was used to analyze non-COVID-19 mortality where a new observation period began when the vaccination status changed upon receipt of the first dose and the second dose. We used calendar time as the basic time scale in survival analyses to implicitly adjust for season and other temporal trend factors. A propensity score approach was used to adjust for the potential imbalance in confounders between the vaccinated and comparison groups.
resultsFor each vaccine type and across age, sex, and race/ethnicity groups, crude non-COVID-19 mortality rates among COVID-19 vaccinees were lower than those among comparators. After adjusting for confounders with the propensity score approach, the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) were 0.46 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44-0.49) after dose 1 and 0.48 (95% CI, 0.46-0.50) after dose 2 of the BNT162b2 vaccine, 0.41 (95% CI, 0.39-0.44) after dose 1 and 0.38 (95% CI, 0.37-0.40) after dose 2 of the mRNA-1273 vaccine, and 0.55 (95% CI, 0.51-0.59) after receipt of Ad26.COV2.S.
conclusionWhile residual confounding bias remained after adjusting for several individual-level and community-level risk factors, no increased risk was found for non-COVID-19 mortality among recipients of three COVID-19 vaccines used in the US.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.