Observational studyNeurology2023
Investigating the Long-term Effect of Pregnancy on the Course of Multiple Sclerosis Using Causal Inference.
Erratum issuedAbstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph
Observational study in Neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 9 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Knowledge About the Impact of Multiple Sclerosis on Pregnancy and Maternity Among Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Disease course after pregnancy in women with progressive multiple sclerosis symptoms.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2025Observational
- Pregnancy-Related Disease Outcomes in Women With Moderate to Severe Multiple Sclerosis Disability.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Corrections to Null Hypothesis Articles.Neurology · 2025Article
- A Real-World Prospective Multiple Sclerosis Pregnancy Registry in the United States: PREG-MS.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2025Article
- Causal Inference in Presence of Intra-Patient Correlation due to Repeated Measurements of Exposure and Outcome in Longitudinal Settings.Statistics in medicine · 2025Article
- Exploring the role of sex hormones and gender diversity in multiple sclerosis.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Article
- Observational studies of treatment effectiveness in neurology.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2023Review
- Family planning and multiple sclerosis - Part 1: Patient perspectives on treatment choices in Sweden.Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinicalArticle
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
41 authors.
Antoine GavoilleFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France. ant.gavoille@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0002-9118-0849
Fabien RollotFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.
Romain CaseyFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.ORCID 0000-0002-5918-9261
Marc DebouverieFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.
Emmanuelle Le PageFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.
Jonathan CironFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.ORCID 0000-0002-3386-6308
Jerome De SezeFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.
Aurélie RuetFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.
Elisabeth MaillartFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.ORCID 0000-0001-7699-0328
Pierre LabaugeFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.
Helene ZephirFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.
Caroline PapeixFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.
Gilles DeferFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.
Christine Lebrun-FrenayFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.ORCID 0000-0002-3713-2416
Thibault MoreauFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.
David Axel LaplaudFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.
Eric BergerFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.
Bruno StankoffFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.
Pierre ClavelouFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.
Eric ThouvenotFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.ORCID 0000-0001-8671-7747
Olivier HeinzlefFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.
Jean PelletierFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.
Abdullatif Al KhedrFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.
Olivier CasezFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.
Bertrand BourreFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.ORCID 0000-0002-2459-2480
Philippe CabreFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.
Abir WahabFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.
Laurent MagyFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.
Jean-Philippe CamdessancheFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.
Aude MauroussetFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.
Solène MoulinFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.
Nasr Haifa BenFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.
Dalia Dimitri BoulosFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.
Karolina HankiewiczFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.
Jean-Philippe NeauFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.
Corinne PottierFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.
Chantal NifleFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.
Muriel RabilloudFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.ORCID 0000-0003-1324-0356
Fabien SubtilFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.
Sandra VukusicFrom the Service de Neurologie (A.G., F.R., R.C., S.V.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de La Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Université de Lyon (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (A.G., M.R., F.S.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Observatoire Français de La Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., R.C., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., R.C., S.V.), State-approved Foundation, Bron; Nancy University Hospital (M.D.), Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; CHU Pontchaillou (E.L.P.), CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes; CHU de Toulouse (J.C.), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Department of Neurology, CRC-SEP, Toulouse; Infinity (J.C.), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III; CHU de Strasbourg (J.D.S.), Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434; Univ. Bordeaux (A.R.), F-33000 Bordeaux INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401; Département de Neurologie (E.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris; Centre de Ressources et de Compétences SEP Paris (E.M.); CHU de Montpellier (P.L.), MS Unit; University of Montpellier (MUSE) (P.L.); CHU Lille (H.Z.), CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172; Fondation Rotschild (C. Papeix), Department of Neurology, Paris; CHU de Caen (G.D.), MS Expert Centre, Department of Neurology, Avenue de La Côte-de-Nacre, Normandy University, Caen; Neurology (C.L.-F.), UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice; CHU de Dijon (T.M.), Department of Neurology, EA4184; CHU de Nantes (D.A.L.), Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM; CRTI-Inserm U1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes; CHU de Besançon (E.B.), Service de Neurologie; Sorbonne Universités (B.S.), UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital; CHU Clermont-Ferrand (Pierre Clavelou), Department of Neurology, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; Department of Neurology (E.T.), Nimes University Hospital; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier; Hôpital de Poissy (O.H.), Department of Neurology; Aix Marseille Univ (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de La Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie; CHU d'Amiens (A.A.K.), Department of Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes (O.C.), Department of Neurology, La Tronche/Grenoble; CHU de Rouen (B.B.), Department of Neurology; CHU de La Martinique (Philippe Cabre), Department of Neurology, Fort-de-France; APHP (A.W.), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Neurology, Créteil; CHU de Limoges (L.M.), Hôpital Dupuytren, Department of Neurology; CHU de Saint-Étienne (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, Department of Neurology; CHU de Tours (A.M.), Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology; CHU de Reims (S.M.), CRC-SEP, Department of Neurology; Hôpital Sud Francilien (N.H.B.), Department of Neurology, Corbeil Essonnes; CHU Bicêtre (D.D.B.), Department of Neurology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis; CHU La Milétrie (J.-P.N.), Hôpital Jean Bernard, Department of Neurology, Poitiers; CH de Pontoise (C. Pottier), Hôpital René Dubos, Department of Neurology; and Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (C.N.), Department of Neurology, F-78150 Le Chesnay, France.
Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (OFSEP) Investigators
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesThe question of the long-term safety of pregnancy is a major concern in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), but its study is biased by reverse causation (women with higher disability are less likely to experience pregnancy). Using a causal inference approach, we aimed to estimate the unbiased long-term effects of pregnancy on disability and relapse risk in patients with MS and secondarily the short-term effects (during the perpartum and postpartum years) and delayed effects (occurring beyond 1 year after delivery).
methodsWe conducted an observational cohort study with data from patients with MS followed in the Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques registry between 1990 and 2020. We included female patients with MS aged 18-45 years at MS onset, clinically followed up for more than 2 years, and with ≥3 Expanded Disease Status Scale (EDSS) measurements. Outcomes were the mean EDSS score at the end of follow-up and the annual probability of relapse during follow-up. Counterfactual outcomes were predicted using the longitudinal targeted maximum likelihood estimator in the entire study population. The patients exposed to at least 1 pregnancy during their follow-up were compared with the counterfactual situation in which, contrary to what was observed, they would not have been exposed to any pregnancy. Short-term and delayed effects were analyzed from the first pregnancy of early-exposed patients (who experienced it during their first 3 years of follow-up).
resultsWe included 9,100 patients, with a median follow-up duration of 7.8 years, of whom 2,125 (23.4%) patients were exposed to at least 1 pregnancy. Pregnancy had no significant long-term causal effect on the mean EDSS score at 9 years (causal mean difference [95% CI] = 0.00 [-0.16 to 0.15]) or on the annual probability of relapse (causal risk ratio [95% CI] = 0.95 [0.93-1.38]). For the 1,253 early-exposed patients, pregnancy significantly decreased the probability of relapse during the perpartum year and significantly increased it during the postpartum year, but no significant delayed effect was found on the EDSS and relapse rate. DISCUSSION: Using a causal inference approach, we found no evidence of significantly deleterious or beneficial long-term effects of pregnancy on disability. The beneficial effects found in other studies were probably related to a reverse causation bias.
Indexed as
Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-RemittingPersons with DisabilitiesCohort StudiesDisease ProgressionFemaleHumansPregnancyProbabilityRecurrence
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