Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36564114›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2022

Acute and repeated impact of sweeteners and sweetness enhancers in solid and semi-solid foods on appetite: protocol for a multicentre, cross-over, RCT in people with overweight/obesity - the SWEET Project.

Catherine Gibbons, Beverley O'Hara, Dominic O'Connor, Charlotte Hardman, Moon Wilton, Joanne A Harrold, Eva Almiron-Roig, Santiago Navas-Carretero, Charo E Hodgkins, Julie Anne Nazare and 13 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readClinical Trial Protocol
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04633681 (Acute and Repeated Impact of Sweeteners and Sweetness Enhancers on Food Behaviour, Physiology & Health), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04633681 nacompletednot on this map

Acute and Repeated Impact of Sweeteners and Sweetness Enhancers on Food Behaviour, Physiology & Health (SWEET Work Package 2 Phase 2)

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of LeedsRan2021 to 2023Enrolled175ConditionsEating BehaviorArmsSweetener and sweetness enhancer consumption
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Nutrients · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors.

Catherine Gibbons *School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK c.gibbons@leeds.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0002-7569-3417
Beverley O'Hara *School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4048-9782
Dominic O'ConnorSchool of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Charlotte HardmanInstitute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Moon WiltonInstitute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Joanne A HarroldInstitute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Eva Almiron-RoigCentre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Santiago Navas-CarreteroCentre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-5163-2230
Charo E HodgkinsFood, Consumer Behaviour and Health Research Centre, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4775-0338
Julie Anne NazareHospices Civils de Lyon, Rhône-Alpes Research Centre for Human Nutrition, Pierre-Benite, France.
Maud AlligierHospices Civils de Lyon, Rhône-Alpes Research Centre for Human Nutrition, Pierre-Benite, France.
Jose Alfredo MartínezCentre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Corey ScottIngredients, Materials and Nutrition, Cargill, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Louise KjølbækDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0003-4310-9332
Mie NormandDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Cécile RannouUMR CNRS GEPEA 6144, Oniris, Nantes, France.
Ellen E BlaakSchool of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-2496-3464
Edith FeskensDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Hariklia MoshoyiannisInternational Reference Laboratory Services, Bioaitriki, Athens, Greece.
Anne RabenDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0001-5229-4491
Jason C G HalfordSchool of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Kristine BeaulieuSchool of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8926-6953
Graham FinlaysonSchool of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5620-2256

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionIntake of free sugars in European countries is high and attempts to reduce sugar intake have been mostly ineffective. Non-nutritive sweeteners and sweetness enhancers (S&SEs) can maintain sweet taste in the absence of energy, but little is known about the impact of acute and repeated consumption of S&SE in foods on appetite. This study aims to evaluate the effect of acute and repeated consumption of two individual S&SEs and two S&SE blends in semisolid and solid foods on appetite and related behavioural, metabolic and health outcomes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A work package of the SWEET Project; this study consists of five double-blind randomised cross-over trials which will be carried out at five sites across four European countries, aiming to have n=213. Five food matrices will be tested across three formulations (sucrose-sweetened control vs two reformulated products with S&SE blends and no added sugar). Participants (body mass index 25-35 kg/m ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The trial has been approved by national ethical committees and will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Results will be published in international peer-reviewed open-access scientific journals. Research data from the trial will be deposited in an open-access online research data archive. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04633681.

Indexed as

AppetiteSweetening AgentsEnergy IntakeHumansMulticenter Studies as TopicObesityOverweightRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicSugarsTasteSugarsSweetening AgentsGeneral endocrinologyNUTRITION & DIETETICSProtocols & guidelinesPUBLIC HEALTH

Identifiers

PMID36564114
PMCPMC9791453

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.