ArticleEuropean journal of clinical pharmacology2023
Effect of metformin as an adjuvant therapy to letrozole on estradiol and other biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer in overweight and obese postmenopausal women: a pilot study.
Article in European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05053841 (Implication of Combined Adjuvant Metformin and Aromatase Inhibitor in Overweight or Obese Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Women), which is not on this map. Cited by 7 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Implication of Combined Adjuvant Metformin and Aromatase Inhibitor in Overweight or Obese Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Women
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Insulin resistance as a modifiable contributor to breast cancer: mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic implications.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Metformin as a Neuroendocrine Modulator in Catamenial Epilepsy: Interplay with Sex Hormones and Neurosteroids.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Age-dependent neuroinflammation response to voluntary wheel running and Metformin treatment in the frontal cortex of ovariectomized female mice.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Obesity-cancer axis crosstalk: Molecular insights and therapeutic approaches.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Review
- Impact of high-fructose diet and metformin on histomorphological and molecular parameters of reproductive organs and vaginal microbiota of female rat.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Metformin and Breast Cancer: Current Findings and Future Perspectives from Preclinical and Clinical Studies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionMetformin may provide a therapeutic benefit in different types of malignancy. PURPOSE: We aimed at evaluating the effect of metformin as an adjuvant therapy to letrozole on estradiol and other biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer in overweight and obese postmenopausal women.
methodsSeventy-five postmenopausal stages II-III breast cancer female patients were assessed for eligibility in an open-labeled parallel pilot study. Forty-five patients met the inclusion criteria and were assigned into three arms: the lean arm (n = 15) women who received letrozole 2.5 mg/day, the control arm (n = 15) overweight/obese women who received letrozole 2.5 mg/day, and the metformin arm (n = 15) overweight/obese women who received letrozole 2.5 mg/day plus metformin (2000 ± 500 mg/day). The intervention duration was 6 months. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and 6 months after intervention for the measurement of serum estradiol, leptin, osteocalcin levels, fasting blood glucose concentration, and serum insulin.
resultsAfter the intervention and as compared to the control arm, the metformin arm showed a significantly lower ratio to the baseline (significant reduction) for estradiol (p = 0.0433), leptin (p < 0.0001), fasting blood glucose (p = 0.0128), insulin (p = 0.0360), osteocalcin serum levels (p < 0.0001), and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance "HOMA-IR" value (p = 0.0145). There was a non-significant variation in the lactate ratio to the baseline among the three study arms (p = 0.5298).
conclusionMetformin may exert anti-cancer activity by decreasing the circulating estradiol, leptin, and insulin. Metformin might represent a safe and promising adjuvant therapy to letrozole in overweight/obese postmenopausal women with breast cancer.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05053841/Registered September 23, 2021 - Retrospectively.
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