ReviewExperimental dermatology2023
Immune cells and associated molecular markers in dermal fibrosis with focus on raised cutaneous scars.
Review in Experimental dermatology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Should We Do Postoperative Radiotherapy After Keloid Excision as Soon as Possible? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Mechanistic Pathways of Wound Healing: From Hemostasis to Scar-Free Regeneration.Cell biochemistry and function · 2026Review
- Smart Polymeric Wound Dressings for Wound Treatment: Contributions and Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Evaluation of drug causality in SJS/TEN: The role of the lymphocyte transformation test and conventional/modified IFN-γ ELISpot assays.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2026Article
- Quantitative Mapping of Fibrotic Tissue Mechanics via Brillouin Spectroscopy.Journal of biophotonics · 2026Article
- Immune-dominated cellular heterogeneity and stromal plasticity in keloid infiltrating and hypercellular zones revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Advances in the interplay between mechanical forces and inflammatory immunity in keloid formation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The role of macrophages in hypertrophic scarring: molecular to therapeutic insights.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Epigenetic orchestration of RNA mInternational journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- Development of a predictive model for the relationship between serum pan-immunoinflammatory index levels and scar formation in facial burn patients.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Macrophage Polarization: A Novel Target and Strategy for Pathological Scarring.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2024Review
- Quantification of mast cells in central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia.JAAD international · 2024Article
- Macrophages in acne vulgaris: mediating phagocytosis, inflammation, scar formation, and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Scars.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2023Review
- Immune cells and associated molecular markers in dermal fibrosis with focus on raised cutaneous scars.Experimental dermatology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Raised dermal scars including hypertrophic, and keloid scars as well as scalp-associated fibrosing Folliculitis Keloidalis Nuchae (FKN) are a group of fibrotic raised dermal lesions that mostly occur following cutaneous injury. They are characterized by increased extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, primarily excessive collagen type 1 production by hyperproliferative fibroblasts. The extent of ECM deposition is thought to be proportional to the severity of local skin inflammation leading to excessive fibrosis of the dermis. Due to a lack of suitable study models, therapy for raised dermal scars remains ill-defined. Immune cells and their associated markers have been strongly associated with dermal fibrosis. Therefore, modulation of the immune system and use of anti-inflammatory cytokines are of potential interest in the management of dermal fibrosis. In this review, we will discuss the importance of immune factors in the pathogenesis of raised dermal scarring. The aim here is to provide an up-to-date comprehensive review of the literature, from PubMed, Scopus, and other relevant search engines in order to describe the known immunological factors associated with raised dermal scarring. The importance of immune cells including mast cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, and relevant molecules such as cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, antibodies, transcription factors, and other immune-associated molecules as well as tissue lymphoid aggregates identified within raised dermal scars will be presented. A growing body of evidence points to a shift from proinflammatory Th1 response to regulatory/anti-inflammatory Th2 response being associated with the development of fibrogenesis in raised dermal scarring. In summary, a better understanding of immune cells and associated molecular markers in dermal fibrosis will likely enable future development of potential immune-modulated therapeutic, diagnostic, and theranostic targets in raised dermal scarring.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.