ArticleThe EMBO journal2023
Phytosulfokine peptide optimizes plant growth and defense via glutamine synthetase GS2 phosphorylation in tomato.
Article in The EMBO journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanisms and balanced regulation of plant immunity.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial glutamine synthetase overexpression in tomato source leaves increases assimilate export and fruit yield.The Plant cell · 2026Article
- Plant Peptide Hormones: Distinctive Horizons in Plant Development and Stress Resilience.Plant, cell & environment · 2026Review
- A Phytosulfokine signaling module activates the Nod factor receptor to control soybean nodulation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Advances in the roles of SCOOP peptides and the receptor-like kinase MIK2 in plant stress responses.Plant cell reports · 2026Review
- PSKR1-mediated phosphorylation of βCA2 activates its carbonic anhydrase activity to integrate COPlant communications · 2026Article
- Processing and release of endogenous immunogenic peptide signals.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026Review
- Characterization of phytosulfokine peptide family in cotton and its role in cold stress response.Functional & integrative genomics · 2026Article
- Peptide signaling at the intersection of growth, nutrient sensing, and stress responses.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026Review
- The impact of CsPSKs on plant immunity: insights from a genome-wide study of small peptides in Citrus sinensis.Functional & integrative genomics · 2026Article
- Genome-Wide Identification ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Wheat Plasma Membrane Receptors: Orchestrating Immunity and Bridging to Crop Improvement.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- The receptor-like kinase SlLRR-RLK94 as a positive regulator of tomato resistance to Phytophthora infestans.Plant cell reports · 2025Article
- Characterization of the Glutamine Synthetase Gene Family in Wheat (International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Peptide Hormone-Mediated Regulation of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptability.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Advances of Peptides for Plant Immunity.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The G-protein β subunit SlGB1 regulates tyramine-derived phenolamide metabolism for shoot apex growth and development in tomato.The Plant cell · 2025Article
- Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Phytosulfokine Peptide Hormone Genes inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The E3 ubiquitin ligase TaGW2 facilitates TaSnRK1γ and TaVPS24 degradation to enhance stripe rust susceptibility in wheat.Plant biotechnology journal · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Phytosulfokine (PSK) is a plant pentapeptide hormone that fulfills a wide range of functions. Although PSK has frequently been reported to function in the inverse regulation of growth and defense in response to (hemi)biotrophic pathogens, the mechanisms involved remain largely unknown. Using the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 pathogen system, we present compelling evidence that the PSK receptor PSKR1 interacts with the calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK28, which in turn phosphorylates the key enzyme of nitrogen assimilation glutamine synthetase GS2 at two sites (Serine-334 and Serine-360). GS2 phosphorylation at S334 specifically regulates plant defense, whereas S360 regulates growth, uncoupling the PSK-induced effects on defense responses and growth regulation. The discovery of these sites will inform breeding strategies designed to optimize the growth-defense balance in a compatible manner.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.