ReviewViruses2022
Norovirus: An Overview of Virology and Preventative Measures.
Review in Viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rotavirus vaccines in Africa and Norovirus genetic diversity in children aged 0 to 5 years old: a systematic review and meta-analysis : Rotavirus vaccines in Africa and Norovirus genetic diversity.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Severe Undernutrition Predicts Adverse Outcomes in Transplant Norovirus Infection.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- A Wastewater-based Modeling Framework for Inferring Norovirus Transmission Dynamics.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Article
- Enteric Infections, Dysbiosis, and Metabolic Dysfunction: The Role of Diarrheagenic Pathogens in Insulin Resistance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Faecal microbiota transplant for chronic norovirus infection: a case report of donor microbiota engraftment without clinical success.Gastroenterology report · 2026Article
- Structural Insights into the Interaction Between a Core-Fucosylated Foodborne Hexasaccharide (HViruses · 2026Article
- A red/blue bicolor lateral flow immunoassay for simultaneous detection of two enteroviruses based on duplex RT-LAMP.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Optimized Multi-Epitope Norovirus Vaccines Induce Robust Humoral and Cellular Responses in Mice.Vaccines · 2025Article
- A waterborne gastroenteritis outbreak caused by norovirus GII.9[P7] in Guangdong, China.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Preliminary Assessment of Commercial Antibacterial Finishes on Knitted Fabrics from Recycled Cotton and Polyester.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- [Development of a Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for the Detection of Genogroup Ⅱ Norovirus].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2025Article
- Current Perspectives and Future Directions in the Immunogenicity Landscape of Norovirus Vaccines.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Epidemiology of Norovirus Outbreaks in Kindergartens, Primary Schools, and Junior High Schools in Xi'an, China, From October 2020 to February 2023.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Article
- Article
- Epidemiology and genetic diversity of norovirus GII genogroups among pediatric patients in Beijing, China, during 2023-2024.Virology journal · 2025Article
- The association between all-cause mortality with drinking habits and water sources: a nationwide longitudinal study on Chinese elderly.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Discovery of broad-spectrum antivirals targeting viral proteases using in silico structural modeling and cellular analysis.Antiviral research · 2025Article
- Climate change and the global food chain: a catalyst for emerging infectious diseases?International journal of emergency medicine · 2025Review
- Molecular Epidemiology of Norovirus Outbreaks in Childcare Centers and Schools in South Korea in 2023.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) is an enteric non-enveloped virus which is the leading cause of gastroenteritis across all age groups. It is responsible for around 200,000 deaths annually and outbreaks are common in small communities such as educational and care facilities. 40% of all NoV outbreaks occur in long-term and acute-care facilities, forming the majority of outbreaks. Nosocomial settings set ideal environments for ease of transmission, especially due to the presence of immunocompromised groups. It is estimated to cost global economies around £48 billion a year, making it a global issue. NoV is transmitted via the faecal-oral route and infection with it results in asymptomatic cases or gastrointestinal disease. It has high mutational rates and this allows for new variants to emerge and be more resistant. The classification system available divides NoV into 10 genogroups and 49 genotypes based on whole amino acid sequencing of VP1 capsid protein and partial sequencing of RdRp, respectively. The most predominant genotypes which cause gastroenteritis in humans include GI.1 and GII.4, where GII.4 is responsible for more extreme clinical implications such as hospitalisation. In addition, GII.4 has been responsible for 6 pandemic strains, the last of which is the GII.4 Sydney (2012) variant. In recent years, the successful cultivation of HuNoV was reported in stem cell-derived human intestinal enteroids (HIEs), which promises to assist in giving a deeper understanding of its underlying mechanisms of infection and the development of more personalized control measures. There are no specific control measures against NoV, therefore common practices are used against it such as hand washing. No vaccine is available, but the HIL-214 candidate passed clinical phase 2b and shows promise.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.