ArticleViruses2022
Multiple Novel Human Norovirus Recombinants Identified in Wastewater in Pretoria, South Africa by Next-Generation Sequencing.
Article in Viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- A 3-year wastewater-based epidemiology study of noroviruses in Senegal.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Environmental surveillance of pathogens in Africa.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Review
- Wastewater-based surveillance of norovirus GI and GII: Comparative performance of commercial and in-house RT-qPCR Assays.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2026Article
- Identifying intra-hospital Norovirus GII transmission using whole-genome sequencing.Genome medicine · 2026Article
- A waterborne gastroenteritis outbreak caused by norovirus GII.9[P7] in Guangdong, China.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Long Amplicon Nanopore Sequencing for Dual-Typing RdRp and VP1 Genes of Norovirus Genogroups I and II in Wastewater.Food and environmental virology · 2024Article
- A Narrative Review of High Throughput Wastewater Sample Processing for Infectious Disease Surveillance: Challenges, Progress, and Future Opportunities.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Review
- Quantification and Potential Viability of Human Noroviruses in Final Effluent from Wastewater Treatment Works in Pretoria, South Africa.Food and environmental virology · 2024Article
- Noroviruses: Evolutionary Dynamics, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Vaccine Advances-A Comprehensive Review.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Norovirus GII.3[P25] in Patients and Produce, Chanthaburi Province, Thailand, 2022.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The genogroup II genotype 4 (GII.4) noroviruses are a major cause of viral gastroenteritis. Since the emergence of the Sydney_2012 variant, no novel norovirus GII.4 variants have been reported. The high diversity of noroviruses and periodic emergence of novel strains necessitates continuous global surveillance. The aim of this study was to assess the diversity of noroviruses in selected wastewater samples from Pretoria, South Africa (SA) using amplicon-based next-generation sequencing (NGS). Between June 2018 and August 2020, 200 raw sewage and final effluent samples were collected fortnightly from two wastewater treatment plants in Pretoria. Viruses were recovered using skimmed milk flocculation and glass wool adsorption-elution virus recovery methods and screened for noroviruses using a one-step real-time reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR). The norovirus BC genotyping region (570-579 bp) was amplified from detected norovirus strains and subjected to Illumina MiSeq NGS. Noroviruses were detected in 81% (162/200) of samples. The majority (89%, 89/100) of raw sewage samples were positive for at least one norovirus, compared with 73% (73/100) of final effluent samples. Overall, a total of 89 different GI and GII RdRp-capsid combinations were identified, including 51 putative novel recombinants, 34 previously reported RdRp-capsid combinations, one emerging novel recombinant and three Sanger-sequencing confirmed novel recombinants.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.