ArticleViruses2022
Re-Introduction of West Nile Virus Lineage 1 in Senegal from Europe and Subsequent Circulation in Human and Mosquito Populations between 2012 and 2021.
Article in Viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human West Nile virus infection: a meta-analysis of recent global data (2019-24).Journal of global health · 2025Pooled it
- Identifying genomic surveillance gaps in Africa for the global public health response to West Nile virus: a systematic review.The Lancet. Microbe · 2025Pooled it
- A multiplex serological assay for quantification of arbovirus antibody kinetics and neutralizing antibodies.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Mapping mosquitoes and their associated pathogens in West Africa.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2026Article
- Article
- First molecular detection and genomic characterization of West Nile virus associated with a naturally aborted sheep in Tunisia.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2026Article
- [West Nile Virus Neuroinvasive Disease: A Retrospective Analysis of Hospitalized Cases in a Tertiary Care Center in Southern Europe].Revista de neurologia · 2025Article
- Seropositivity to Dengue, Zika, Yellow Fever, and West Nile Viruses in Senegal, West Africa.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Advancements and Challenges in Addressing Zoonotic Viral Infections with Epidemic and Pandemic Threats.Viruses · 2025Review
- Molecular and Serological Surveillance of Mosquito-Borne Viruses in Racehorses or Mosquitoes From Horse Farms in Shanghai, China, 2022.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- Evaluation of a Luminex-Based Multiplex Immunoassay of Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses in Senegal.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- Vector competence of Culex quinquefasciatus from Santiago Island, Cape Verde, to West Nile Virus: exploring the potential effect of the vector native Wolbachia.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- West Nile Virus: An Update Focusing on Southern Europe.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Origin and evolution of West Nile virus lineage 1 in Italy.Epidemiology and infection · 2024Article
- Autochthonous dengue outbreak in Marche Region, Central Italy, August to October 2024.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2024Article
- Antibodies against medically relevant arthropod-borne viruses in the ubiquitous African rodent Mastomys natalensis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Emergence of Two Different Genotypes of Bagaza Virus (BAGV) Affecting Red-Legged Partridges in Spain, in 2019 and 2021.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Genomic epidemiology of West Nile virus in Europe.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Review
- Re-Emergence of a West Nile Virus (WNV) Variant in South Spain with Rapid Spread Capacity.Viruses · 2023Article
- Spatial and temporal dynamics of West Nile virus between Africa and Europe.Nature communications · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a virus of the Japanese encephalitis antigenic complex and belongs to the family Flaviviridae of the genus flavivirus. The virus can cause infection in humans which in most cases is asymptomatic, however symptomatic cases exist and the disease can be severe causing encephalitis and meningoencephalitis. The virus is maintained in an enzootic cycle involving mosquitoes and birds, humans and other mammals such as horses can be accidental hosts. A mosquito-based arbovirus surveillance system and the sentinel syndromic surveillance network (4S) have been in place since 1988 and 2015 respectively, to better understand the transmission dynamics of arboviruses including WNV in Senegal. Arthropod and human samples have been collected from the field and analysed at Institut Pasteur de Dakar using different methods including RT-PCR, ELISA, plaque reduction neutralization test and viral isolation. RT-PCR positive samples have been analysed by Next Generation Sequencing. From 2012 to 2021, 7912 samples have been analysed and WNV positive cases have been detected, 20 human cases (19 IgM and 1 RT-PCR positive cases) and 41 mosquito pools. Phylogenetic analyzes of the sequences of complete genomes obtained showed the circulation of lineage 1a, with all these recent strains from Senegal identical to each other and very close to strains isolated from horse in France in 2015, Italy and Spain. Our data showed lineage 1a endemicity in Senegal as previously described, with circulation of WNV in humans and mosquitoes. Phylogenetic analyzes carried out with the genome sequences obtained also revealed exchanges of WNV strains between Europe and Senegal which could be possible via migratory birds. The surveillance systems that have enabled the detection of WNV in humans and arthropods should be extended to animals in a one-health approach to better prepare for global health threats.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.