ReviewVaccines2022
COVID-19 and Influenza Coinfection Outcomes among Hospitalized Patients in the United States: A Propensity Matched Analysis of National Inpatient Sample.
Review in Vaccines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Bidirectional associations between influenza and COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A/B among patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of the clinical characteristics of influenza-COVID-19 co-infection.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Pooled it
- A study to detect Influenza A and B subtypes and coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 among Severe Acute Respiratory Illness patients from Central India.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026Article
- Pathogenesis of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection at the extremes of age: decipher the ominous tales of immune vulnerability.Advanced biotechnology · 2025Review
- Coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza: A Catastrophic Coexistence.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus coinfections in the Tuscan population during the 2021/2022 influenza season.Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Influenza and COVID-19 co-infection and vaccine effectiveness against severe cases: a mathematical modeling study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Eight influenza virus cellular manipulations which can boost concurrent SARS-CoV-2 infections to severe outcomes.Human cell · 2023Review
- Intranasal Single-Replication Influenza Vector Induces Cross-Reactive Serum and Mucosal Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Variants.Vaccines · 2023Article
- A Comparison of Etiology, Pathogenesis, Vaccinal and Antiviral Drug Development between Influenza and COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Distinguishing SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Non-SARS-CoV-2 Viral Infections in Adult Patients through Clinical Score Tools.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Is there Co-infection of Influenza and Covid-19 in Jos, North Central Nigeria?Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical AssociationArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study aims to provide comparative data on clinical features and in-hospital outcomes among U.S. adults admitted to the hospital with COVID-19 and influenza infection using a nationwide inpatient sample (N.I.S.) data 2020. Data were collected on patient characteristics and in-hospital outcomes, including patient's age, race, sex, insurance status, median income, length of stay, mortality, hospitalization cost, comorbidities, mechanical ventilation, and vasopressor support. Additional analysis was performed using propensity matching. In propensity-matched cohort analysis, influenza-positive (and COVID-positive) patients had higher mean hospitalization cost (USD 129,742 vs. USD 68,878,
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.