ArticleVaccines2022
Efficacy of DNA Vaccines in Protecting Rainbow Trout against VHS and IHN under Intensive Farming Conditions.
Article in Vaccines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- DNA-based vaccines: Advances, applications, and future prospects.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- DNA Vaccination in Farmed Fish with a Focus on Salmonid Alphavirus Infection in Atlantic Salmon (Viruses · 2026Review
- Review
- Efficacy of Three Vaccine Regimens Against Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus Transmission Potential in Rainbow Trout.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Beating Cardiac Cell Cultures From Different Developmental Stages of Rainbow Trout as a Novel Approach for Replication of Cardiac Fish Viruses.Journal of fish diseases · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the Multivalent Immunoprotective Effects of Protein, DNA, and IgY Vaccines AgainstInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Advances and Challenges inVaccines · 2025Review
- First Experimental Application of DNA-Layered Salmonid Alphavirus-Based Replicon Vaccine in Non-Salmonid Fish: Induced Early Semi-Specific Protection against Spring Viraemia of Carp Virus (SVCV) in Common Carp (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Transcriptome Profiling ofMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Despite the negative impact of viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) on European rainbow trout farming, no vaccines are commercially available in Europe. DNA vaccines are protective under experimental conditions, but testing under intensive farming conditions remains uninvestigated. Two DNA vaccines encoding the glycoproteins (G) of recent Italian VHSV and IHNV isolates were developed and tested for potency and safety under experimental conditions. Subsequently, a field vaccination trial was initiated at a disease-free hatchery. The fish were injected intramuscularly with either the VHS DNA vaccine or with a mix of VHS and IHN DNA vaccines at a dose of 1 µg/vaccine/fish, or with PBS. At 60 days post-vaccination, fish were moved to a VHSV and IHNV infected facility. Mortality started 7 days later, initially due to VHS. After 3 months, IHN became the dominant cause of disease. Accordingly, both DNA vaccinated groups displayed lower losses compared to the PBS group during the first three months, while the VHS/IHN vaccinated group subsequently had the lowest mortality. A later outbreak of ERM caused equal disease in all groups. The trial confirmed the DNA vaccines to be safe and efficient in reducing the impact of VHS and IHN in farmed rainbow trout.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.