ArticleVaccines2022
Cytokines and Chemokines in Breastmilk of SARS-CoV-2 Infected or COVID-19 Vaccinated Mothers.
Article in Vaccines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Breast milk cytokines and infant growth trajectories in a low-income community in Bangladesh.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Seeding the Future: How Feeding Mode Shapes the Infant Gut Microbiota.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Impact of Maternal Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 on Immunological Components of Breast Milk.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Legacy of COVID-19 in Breast Milk: The Association of Elevated Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Proteins with Vaccination or Infection.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- The association of maternal COVID-19-infection during pregnancy on the neonatal immune profile and associations with later diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Children under 5 Years Old-A Regional Seroepidemiological Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- COVID-19 and Laboratory Markers from Romanian Patients-A Narrative Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe COVID-19 disease and anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were accompanied by alterations in several inflammatory markers. The aim of our research was to check to what extent such cytokines are transferred to infants via the breastmilk of SARS-CoV-2-infected or vaccinated mothers. Thus, we wanted to check if breastfeeding is safe during SARS-CoV-2 infection or after COVID-19 mRNA-vaccination. MATERIAL AND
methodThe Luminex Multiplexing Assay was used for quantifying 10 cytokine in the human breastmilk of SARS-CoV-2-infected or COVID-19-vaccinated mothers, compared with anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG naïve mothers. Two milk samples were collected at 30 and 60 days either after the booster dose or afterthe onset of symptoms. A single milk sample was collected from the mothers within the control group.
resultsThe cytokine concentrations were mostly found within the reference intervals for all mothers. The status of the vaccinated/infected mother, the age of the breastfed child, the parity of the mother and the maternal age were variation factors of the above-mentioned cytokine concentrations. The type of birth and the presence of IgG in the milk had no influence on these cytokine concentrations in milk. Furthermore, no statistically significant differences were recorded between the cytokine concentrations of the two milk samples.
conclusionOur study provides data that support the safety of breastfeeding in the case of mild COVID-19 infection or after Pfizer or Moderna vaccinations.
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Registered trials
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