Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36559932›Full record

ArticlePolymers2022

Is Graphene Always Effective in Reinforcing Composites? The Case of Highly Graphene-Modified Thermoplastic Nanofibers and Their Unfortunate Application in CFRP Laminates.

Emanuele Maccaferri, Laura Mazzocchetti, Tiziana Benelli, Jacopo Ortolani, Tommaso Maria Brugo, Andrea Zucchelli, Loris Giorgini

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Polymers, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 28% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Emanuele MaccaferriDepartment of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2092-808X
Laura MazzocchettiDepartment of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3528-6729
Tiziana BenelliDepartment of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9420-2524
Jacopo OrtolaniDepartment of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1932-9741
Tommaso Maria BrugoInterdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology (CIRI-MAM), University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9049-2747
Andrea ZucchelliInterdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology (CIRI-MAM), University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3466-2913
Loris GiorginiDepartment of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-2248-3552
National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology · ITUniversity of Bologna · IT

Funding

Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme MAGNIFY EU 801378MUR (Italian Ministry for University and Research) CN00000023 (CUP J33C22001120001)MUR (Italian Ministry for University and Research) ECS00000033 (CUP J33C22001240001)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Graphene (G) can effectively enhance polymers' and polymer composites' electric, thermal, and mechanical properties. Nanofibrous mats have been demonstrated to significantly increase the interlaminar fracture toughness of composite laminates, hindering delamination and, consequently, making such materials safer and more sustainable thanks to increased service life. In the present paper, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), polycaprolactone (PCL), and Nylon 66 nanofibers, plain or reinforced with G, were integrated into epoxy-matrix Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRPs) to evaluate the effect of polymers and polymers + G on the laminate mechanical properties. The main aim of this work is to compare the reinforcing action of the different nanofibers (polyether, polyester, and polyamide) and to disclose the effect of G addition. The polymers were chosen considering their thermal properties and, consequently, their mechanism of action against delamination. PEO and PCL, displaying a low melting temperature, melt, and mix during the curing cycle, act via matrix toughening; in this context, they are also used as tools to deploy G specifically in the interlaminar region when melting and mixing with epoxy resin. The high extent of modification stems from an attempt to deploy it in the interlaminar layer, thus diluting further in the resin. In contrast, Nylon 66 does not melt and maintain the nanostructure, allowing laminate toughening via nanofiber bridging. The flexural properties of the nanomodifed CFRPs were determined via a three-point bending (3PB) test, while delamination behavior in Mode I and Mode II was carried out using Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) and End-Notched Flexture (ENF) tests, respectively. The lack of a positive contribution of G in this context is an interesting point to raise in the field of nanoreinforced CFRP.

Indexed as

carbon fiber compositedelaminationepoxygrapheneinterlaminar fracture toughnessmechanical propertiespolyamidepolycaprolactonepolyethylene oxidethermal properties

Identifiers

PMID36559932
PMCPMC9781409
OpenAlexW4312141228

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.