Femtosecond Laser Induced Lattice Deformation in KTN Crystal.

In recent years, many novel optical phenomena have been discovered based on perovskite materials, but the practical applications are limited because of the difficulties of device fabrication. Here, we propose a method to directly induce localized lattice modification inside the potassium tantalate niobate crystal by using the femtosecond laser. This selective modification at the processed regions and the surrounding areas is characterized by two-dimensional Raman spectrum mapping. The spectrum variations corresponding to specific lattice vibration modes demonstrate the lattice structure deformation. In this way, the lattice expansion at the femtosecond laser irradiated regions and the lattice compression at the surrounding areas are revealed. Furthermore, surface morphology measurement confirms this lattice expansion and suggests the extension of lattice structure along the space diagonal direction. Moreover, the existence of an amorphization core is revealed. These modifications on the sample lattice can induce localized changes in physicochemical properties; therefore, this method can realize the fabrication of both linear diffraction and nonlinear frequency conversion devices by utilizing the novel optical responses of perovskite materials.