ArticleMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)2022
The Effect of Verbal Encouragement on Performance and Muscle Fatigue in Swimming.
Article in Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Societal attitudes and structural barriers in coaching para-athletes: A mixed-methods systematic review.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Neural Efficiency and Sensorimotor Adaptations in Swimming Athletes: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging and Cognitive-Behavioral Evidence for Performance and Wellbeing.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- The effects of motivational verbal phrases on isoinertial force production and sustained force output: a comparison of positive and negative conditions.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Accelerometric assessment of fatigue-induced changes in swimming technique in high performance adolescent athletes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effects of a visual-feedback LED pacing system in middle-distance pool freestyle swimming.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Improvement of Motor Task Performance: Effects of Verbal Encouragement and Music-Key Results from a Randomized Crossover Study with Electromyographic Data.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Enhancing Skills, Mood, and Performance in Overweight Handball Players: Exploring Individual vs. Collective Verbal Encouragement Strategies.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Clinical and epidemiological factors causing longer SARS-CoV 2 viral shedding: the results from the CoviCamp cohort.Infection · 2024Article
- The Effectiveness of External Verbal Feedback on Balance in Athletes with Chronic Ankle Instability.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Article
- Exploring the impact of verbal encouragement on strength, endurance, and psychophysiological responses: enhancing teaching strategies in sports science education.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
- Analysis of Kinematic and Muscular Fatigue in Long-Distance Swimmers.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Verbal encouragement (VE) can be used to enhance performance in several sports, even though no studies have been conducted among swimmers and only a few effects have been reported in elite athletes. Besides influencing motor performance, VE is also known to enhance the physical load, thus potentially increasing the probability of developing fatigue. With this in mind, this study aimed to explore the effects of VE in swimmers in order to fill in the knowledge gap concerning the aquatic environment. Materials and Methods: Each athlete swam a maximal 200 m freestyle trial under two different conditions: one trial with VE and the other without VE. The two main outcome measures were: (1) performance velocity (m/s); and (2) muscle fatigue, investigated by means of surface electromyography. Sixty swimmers were recruited, aged 18.63 ± 3.46 years (median 18 years), 28 men (47%), and 32 women (53%), with 7.03 ± 3.9 years of experience. Results: With VE, performance significantly improved in the swim trial (p < 0.001, effect size (ES) −0.95, large). When breaking the results down into the first half (first (0−100 m) vs. the second half (100−200 m)), the ES was large in the first part (−1.11), indicating an improvement in performance. This worsened, however, in the second part of the trial (ES 0.63). In the multivariate analysis, years of experience were found to be a significant predictor of the change in overall performance (p = 0.011). There was a significant increase in muscle fatigue induced by VE, overall, and during the second half, but not during the first half of the trial. Conclusions: The present study indicates that VE during a middle-distance event (200 m) increases performance most in swimmers with little experience. However, it has a negative impact on fatigue.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.