ReviewJournal of personalized medicine2022
Enhanced Permeability and Retention Effect as a Ubiquitous and Epoch-Making Phenomenon for the Selective Drug Targeting of Solid Tumors.
Review in Journal of personalized medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Experimental evaluation of Nilotinib and Paclitaxel co-delivered via albumin nanoparticles as a therapeutic strategy for lung squamous cell carcinoma.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Methanol Clipping Modification on Liquid Metal Surface Enhances Photothermal Performance and Biocompatibility.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Fresh 3D Printing of Spanlastics Hydrogel for Drug Delivery Applications In Vitro.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Article
- Stimuli-Responsive Nanocarriers as Next-Generation on-Demand Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy: Mechanistic Insights, Trigger Modalities, and Translational Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Lactococcal Extracellular Vesicles as In Situ Vaccine Activators in Combination with Doxorubicin for Cancer Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Liposomal antimicrobials in the fight against bacterial and fungal pathogens: Clinical successes and development challenges.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- JAK/STAT3 axis in breast cancer: opportunities for intervention with natural phytochemical-based nanotherapeutics.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- Electrosprayed PLGA Nanoparticles for Dual Drug Delivery: Design, Optimization and Applications.Polymers · 2026Review
- Poor prognosis outcome tumors, bacteria-infected tumors and nanodrugs: current evidence and hypotheses towards a paradigm change for treatment.Cancer biology & medicine · 2026Review
- Nitroxide-Based Contrast Agents for MRI Cancer Diagnostics: Progress, Limitations, and Perspectives.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Enhancement of antioxidant and cytotoxicity by nanoliposome formulation of pentagamavunon-6 in breast cancer cells.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Natural Polymers Based Biocompatible Nanomedicines for Targeting Colon Cancer: Prospects and Challenges.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Hybrid biomaterials-based radiosensitizers: Preparations and their applications in enhancing tumor radiotherapy.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Bio-Functional Nanomaterials for Enhanced Lung Cancer Therapy: The Synergistic Roles of Vitamins D and K.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Review
- Pathways to translation for nanomedicine in nephrology.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Review
- First-in-Human Safety, Tolerability, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics of Pegfosimer Manganese (SN132D) for Contrast-Enhanced MRI of Breast Cancer.Investigative radiology · 2025Article
- Biologics as Therapeutical Agents Under Perspective Clinical Studies for Alzheimer's Disease.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Emerging nanoparticle-based x-ray imaging contrast agents for breast cancer screening.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Review
- Advances in Materials Science for Precision Melanoma Therapy: Nanotechnology-Enhanced Drug Delivery Systems.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Advances in Drug Targeting, Drug Delivery, and Nanotechnology Applications: Therapeutic Significance in Cancer Treatment.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In 1979, development of the first polymer drug SMANCS [styrene-co-maleic acid (SMA) copolymer conjugated to neocarzinostatin (NCS)] by Maeda and colleagues was a breakthrough in the cancer field. When SMANCS was administered to mice, drug accumulation in tumors was markedly increased compared with accumulation of the parental drug NCS. This momentous result led to discovery of the enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR effect) in 1986. Later, the EPR effect became known worldwide, especially in nanomedicine, and is still believed to be a universal mechanism for tumor-selective accumulation of nanomedicines. Some research groups recently characterized the EPR effect as a controversial concept and stated that it has not been fully demonstrated in clinical settings, but this erroneous belief is due to non-standard drug design and use of inappropriate tumor models in investigations. Many research groups recently provided solid evidence of the EPR effect in human cancers (e.g., renal and breast), with significant diversity and heterogeneity in various patients. In this review, we focus on the dynamics of the EPR effect and restoring tumor blood flow by using EPR effect enhancers. We also discuss new applications of EPR-based nanomedicine in boron neutron capture therapy and photodynamic therapy for solid tumors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.