ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2022
Discrepancy of C-Reactive Protein, Procalcitonin and Interleukin-6 at Hospitalization: Infection in Patients with Normal C-Reactive Protein, Procalcitonin and High Interleukin-6 Values.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Perioperative Blood Biomarkers of Infectious and Non-Infectious Postoperative Pulmonary Complications: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Nomogram-based analysis of plasma albumin and C-reactive protein 30 days before bloodstream infection for 30-day mortality in Singapore and Denmark.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Retrospective Analysis of Inflammatory Biomarker Patterns and Platelet Dynamics in Hospitalized Adults.International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- Risk factors for thrombosis in tuberculosis patients admitted to a tuberculosis-dedicated intensive care unit: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Narrative Review: Research Progress and Future Directions of Presepsin in Neurological Prognostication of Adult Post-Return of Spontaneous Circulation (Post-ROSC) Cardiac Arrest Survivors.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Beyond Daily Values: Are Day-to-Day and Albumin-Adjusted Ratios of IL-6, PCT, and CRP Better Predictors of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Calprotectin as a Biomarker for Infectious Diseases: A Comparative Review with Conventional Inflammatory Markers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Point of care sepsis diagnosis: Exploring microfluidic techniques for sample preparation, biomarker isolation, and detection.Biomicrofluidics · 2025Review
- Intensive care infection score: ICIS discriminates between infected and uninfected critically ill patients in routine intensive care unit practice.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2025Article
- Pathogenic bacteria features of central line-associated bloodstream infections in ICU patients: focus on the early predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Incidence and risk factors of active carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae surveillance in hematology patients: a propensity score matching study.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Case Report: Recurrent psychotic episodes in the setting of non-COVID-19 upper respiratory viral infection.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Article
- The Contribution of Procalcitonin, C-Reactive Protein and Interleukin-6 in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Surgical Sepsis: An Observational and Statistical Study.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) or procalcitonin (PCT) alone has limitations in the early detection of infection or inflammation due to shortcomings in specificity and varied cut-off values. Recently, interleukin (IL)-6 has been assessed, but it is not known to what extent the three values are homogeneous in reality. This retrospective study was conducted with two large datasets (discrepancy set with results within 24 h of admission [7149 patients] and follow-up set until 2 weeks of hospital stay [5261 tests]) consisting of simultaneous examinations of CRP, PCT, and IL-6 between January 2015 and August 2021. The specific discrepant group (n = 102, 1.4%) with normal CRP (<10 mg/L) and PCT (<0.1 ng/mL) and high IL-6 (≥100 pg/mL) values was extracted from the discrepancy set. Dimensionality reduction and visualization were performed using Python. The three markers were not clearly clustered after t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding. Pearson’s correlation coefficients between two markers were substantially low (0.23−0.55). Among the high normalized IL-6 levels (≥0.5) (n = 349), 17.8% and 38.7% of CRP and PCT levels were very low (≤0.01). 9.2% and 13.4% of normal CRP (n = 1522) had high PCT (≥0.5 ng/mL) and IL-6 (≥100 pg/mL) values, respectively. Infection and bacteremia among 102 patients occurred in 36 (35.3%) and 9 (8.8%) patients, respectively. In patients with bacteremia, IL-6 was the first to increase, followed by PCT and CRP. Our study revealed that CRP, PCT, and IL-6 levels were considerably discrepant, which could be misinterpreted if only CRP tests are performed.
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