ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D Viruses: A Comprehensive Update with an Immunological Focus.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Resolution of Hepatitis Delta Virus-Related Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis With the Use of Bulevirtide.ACG case reports journal · 2026Article
- Viral Infections in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Current Practice and Updates.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Structural characterization of the HDV virion and its ribonucleoprotein.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- The Complex Interplay of Hepatitis D in Patients with Hepatitis B: Letter to the Editor.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Hepatitis B functional cure: Current and future perspective.World journal of hepatology · 2025Review
- Mucocutaneous manifestation mimicking vasculitis in chronic hepatitis B: A case report.World journal of clinical cases · 2025Article
- Hepatitis C (HCV) and Hepatitis Delta (HDV) Viruses in a Teaching Hospital in Southern Italy: What Is the Epidemiological Situation in the Era of New Drugs?Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Observational
- Host Immune Response in Chronic Hepatitis Delta: Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapy.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Functional Cure for Hepatitis B Virus: Challenges and Achievements.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Nigeria: A Narrative Review of Prevalence, Transmission, Genotypes, Coinfections, and Mortality.Journal of tropical medicine · 2025Review
- Impact of preS1 Evaluation in the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Current perspectives of viral hepatitis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2024Review
- Incorporating Intracellular Processes in Virus Dynamics Models.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Hepatitis B Vaccine: Four Decades on.Vaccines · 2024Review
- The Connection between MiR-122 and Lymphocytes in Patients Receiving Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Interferon-Free Regimens and Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents for Delta Hepatitis: Are We There Yet?Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Review
- Potential of CRISPR/Cas system as emerging tools in the detection of viral hepatitis infection.Virology journal · 2023Review
- Epidemiology Pattern, Prevalent Genotype Distribution, Fighting Stigma and Control Options for Hepatitis D in Bulgaria and Other European Countries.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) are highly prevalent viruses estimated to infect approximately 300 million people and 12-72 million people worldwide, respectively. HDV requires the HBV envelope to establish a successful infection. Concurrent infection with HBV and HDV can result in more severe disease outcomes than infection with HBV alone. These viruses can cause significant hepatic disease, including cirrhosis, fulminant hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and represent a significant cause of global mortality. Therefore, a thorough understanding of these viruses and the immune response they generate is essential to enhance disease management. This review includes an overview of the HBV and HDV viruses, including life cycle, structure, natural course of infection, and histopathology. A discussion of the interplay between HDV RNA and HBV DNA during chronic infection is also included. It then discusses characteristics of the immune response with a focus on reactions to the antigenic hepatitis B surface antigen, including small, middle, and large surface antigens. This paper also reviews characteristics of the immune response to the hepatitis D antigen (including small and large antigens), the only protein expressed by hepatitis D. Lastly, we conclude with a discussion of recent therapeutic advances pertaining to these viruses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.