ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Decoding Strategies to Evade Immunoregulators Galectin-1, -3, and -9 and Their Ligands as Novel Therapeutics in Cancer Immunotherapy.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- ST6GAL1 Glycoengineering Rewires Cytokine Signaling and Preserves Metabolic Fitness in CAR-T Cells Under Galectin-3-Mediated Immunosuppression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Protecting the sugar coat on anti-tumor T cells to conceal destruction by tumor microenvironmental landmines.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Organoruthenium Glycomimetics Exhibit High Selectivity and Nanomolar Affinity for Human Galectin-1.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Galectins: Role and Therapeutics in Diabetes and Diabetic Foot Ulcers.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Glycoengineering CAR-T cells to overcome galectin-3-mediated immunosuppression.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Correlation of Galectin Family Expression with Glioblastoma Progression and Survival.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Causal Relationship Between Galectins With Neuroblastoma: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- "Galectin-9: A double-edged sword in Acute Myeloid Leukemia".Annals of hematology · 2025Review
- Acridine-Based Chalcone 1C and ABC Transporters.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Galectin-9 - ligand axis: an emerging therapeutic target for multiple myeloma.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- The role of galectins in mediating the adhesion of circulating cells to vascular endothelium.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Generation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody that binds to Galectin-1.Protein expression and purification · 2023Article
- KLF12 overcomes anti-PD-1 resistance by reducing galectin-1 in cancer cells.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Article
- Galectin-1-mediated high NCAPG expression correlates with poor prognosis in gastric cancer.Aging · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Galectins are a family of ß-galactoside-binding proteins that play a variety of roles in normal physiology. In cancer, their expression levels are typically elevated and often associated with poor prognosis. They are known to fuel a variety of cancer progression pathways through their glycan-binding interactions with cancer, stromal, and immune cell surfaces. Of the 15 galectins in mammals, galectin (Gal)-1, -3, and -9 are particularly notable for their critical roles in tumor immune escape. While these galectins play integral roles in promoting cancer progression, they are also instrumental in regulating the survival, differentiation, and function of anti-tumor T cells that compromise anti-tumor immunity and weaken novel immunotherapies. To this end, there has been a surge in the development of new strategies to inhibit their pro-malignancy characteristics, particularly in reversing tumor immunosuppression through galectin-glycan ligand-targeting methods. This review examines some new approaches to evading Gal-1, -3, and -9-ligand interactions to interfere with their tumor-promoting and immunoregulating activities. Whether using neutralizing antibodies, synthetic peptides, glyco-metabolic modifiers, competitive inhibitors, vaccines, gene editing, exo-glycan modification, or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, these methods offer new hope of synergizing their inhibitory effects with current immunotherapeutic methods and yielding highly effective, durable responses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.