ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
Athlete Identity and Mental Health of Student Athletes during COVID-19.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Patterns of change in athletic identity and mental health in elite Polish athletes with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic: a 3-month longitudinal study.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Athletic identity and depressive symptom risk in college students: a machine learning approach to identify at-risk profiles and protective correlates.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- The international student-athlete life: risk factors, stressors, and mental health; a brief research report.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Exercise identity and psychological distress among university sport participants: the roles of self-compassion and training stress.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- The impact of alumni football on adult mental wellbeing: a serial mediation analysis of athletic identity and social connectedness.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Cross-cultural comparison of sports anxiety among Indian and Polish sports players in a post-COVID world: a pilot study.Health psychology report · 2025Article
- Effect of family life quality on youth badminton athletes' identity and achievement.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Mental Health in First- and Second-Division Soccer Players: A Cross-Sectional Study.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The relationship between passion and athlete identity in sport: the mediating and moderating role of dedication.BMC psychology · 2024Article
- Sport anxiety and subjective happiness of college athletes: a self-determination theory perspective.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- The Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Youth Athlete Mental Health: A Narrative Review.Current psychiatry reports · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The purpose of our study is to evaluate athletic identity (AI) and mental health measures of youth and young adult athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study recruited athletes aged 11-25 years from universities, high schools, and middle schools in California and New York. Participants were emailed a link to an anonymous, cross-sectional electronic survey. The measure included the athletic identity measurement scale (AIMS), the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), and demographic variables. Chi-square, Fisher's Exact Test, and linear regression were used to examine the relationships between AI, symptoms of anxiety, and symptoms of depression by age, gender, and race. The survey was completed by 653 participants. AI was stratified by tertiary percentiles. The odds of positively scoring for symptoms of anxiety were 60% higher for participants in college compared with high school (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: [1.09, 2.35]). Conversely, the odds of scoring positively for symptoms of depression were 68% higher for participants in high school compared to college (OR: 1.68, 95% CI: [1.09, 2.59]). The odds of scoring positively for symptoms of depression were higher for athletes who scored as high AI, compared to those who scored as moderate (OR: 1.72, 95% CI: [1.11, 2.68]) or low (OR: 1.93, 95% CI: [1.20, 3.12]). The odds of scoring positively for symptoms of anxiety on the PHQ-4 were 3.2 times higher for participants who identified as female (OR: 3.19, 95% CI: [2.31, 4.41]), and the odds of scoring positively for symptoms of depression were 2.4 times higher for participants who identified as female (OR: 2.35, 95% CI: [1.56, 3.54]). Female athletes experienced symptoms of depression and anxiety at significantly higher rates than male athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic. High school students experienced fewer symptoms of anxiety, but greater symptoms of depression as compared to the collegiate group, while college students experienced greater odds of symptoms of anxiety. Athletes in the high AI group were more likely to report symptoms of depression than moderate or low identity groups. Female athletes reported lower AI than male athletes, but still had greater symptoms of anxiety and depression.
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