Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36554673›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022

Barriers and Attitudes of Primary Healthcare Physicians to Insulin Initiation and Intensification in Saudi Arabia.

Ali Jaber Alhagawy, Saeed Yafei, Abdulrahman Hummadi, Raed Abutaleb, Mohammed Hakamy, Turki Alzughbi, Nabeel Gharawi, Manal Moafa, Asma Mokali, Ibrahim Alhiqwy and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Saudi family physician's clinical inertia of type 2 diabetes management.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Real-World Effectiveness of My Dose Coach™-Assisted Basal Insulin Titration in People with Type 2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Ali Jaber AlhagawyJazan Endocrinology & Diabetes Center, Ministry of Health, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-3955-2975
Saeed YafeiJazan Endocrinology & Diabetes Center, Ministry of Health, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-0733-5463
Abdulrahman HummadiJazan Endocrinology & Diabetes Center, Ministry of Health, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-5294-4439
Raed AbutalebJazan Endocrinology & Diabetes Center, Ministry of Health, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed HakamyFamily Medicine, Jazan Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
Turki AlzughbiJazan Endocrinology & Diabetes Center, Ministry of Health, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
Nabeel GharawiFamily Medicine, Jazan Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
Manal MoafaFamily Medicine, Jazan Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
Asma MokaliFamily Medicine, Jazan Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
Ibrahim AlhiqwyFaculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
Mousa AltherwiNursing Department, Ministry of Health, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Saudi Arabia is a country with high prevalence of diabetes, uncontrolled diabetes, and diabetes-related complications. Poor glycemic control is multifactorial and could be explained in part by physician and patient reluctance toward insulin or insulin inertia. This study aimed to address physician barriers toward insulin therapy in primary care settings. It included 288 physicians from 168 primary healthcare centers (PHC) in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. Participants responded to questionnaire investigating physicians' attitude and barriers to insulin initiation and intensification in PHCs. In physician opinion, the most common barriers among their patients were fear of injection, lack of patient education, fear of hypoglycemia, and difficult administration. Physicians were reluctant to initiate insulin for T2D patients mostly due to patient non-adherence to blood sugar measurement, non-adherence to appointment or treatment, elderly patients, or due to patient refusal. Physicians' fear of hypoglycemia, lack of staff for patient education, and lack of updated knowledge were the primary clinician-related barriers. Exaggerated fears of insulin side effects, patient non-adherence, limited staff for patient's education, patient refusal, and inadequate consultation time were the main barriers to insulin acceptance and prescription.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2HypoglycemiaPhysiciansAgedHumansInsulinPrimary Health CareSaudi ArabiaInsulinbarriersclinical inertiainsulin initiationprimary healthcare physicianstherapeutic inertiatype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID36554673
PMCPMC9779059

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.