ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
High Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Exhibited in Internationally Competitive, Non-Professional Female Endurance Athletes-A Case Study.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-distance trail running induces functional iron deficiency driven by inflammation.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Article
- Micronutrients in Future Diets: Considerations for Dietary Iron and the Food Matrix Effects on Bioavailability.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Review
- Iron Balance and Cardiovascular Health: The Double-Edged Role of Deficiency and Overload.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Review
- Menstrual blood loss as an initial trigger for adaptation of iron metabolism in eumenorrheic female athletes-An exploratory study.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Prevalence of iron-deficient but non-anemic university athletes in Japan: an observational cohort study.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2023Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWhile iron deficiency is commonly discussed in populations of professional female athletes, less is known about highly trained, sub-elite female athletes (e.g., those winning international age-group competitions) who generally have less access to medical and allied health support.
methodsThirteen non-professional highly trained female endurance athletes provided training diaries and completed a blood test, where iron markers of haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Hct), C-reactive protein (Crp), serum iron, serum ferritin, and transferrin were assessed. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were also obtained. Participants were classified as iron deficient (ID) if serum ferritin was <30 ug/L serum ferritin.
resultsSix of the 13 females were classified as ID. Serum iron, ferritin, Hb, Hct, and ferrin were greater in the ID group (
conclusionsIn this population of highly trained female athletes, 46% were diagnosed with sub-optimal iron levels, which could have lasting health effects and impair athletic performance. The need for more education and support in non-professional athletes regarding iron deficiency is strongly advised.
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