ReviewInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
Turning to 'Trusted Others': A Narrative Review of Providing Social Support to First Responders.
Review in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Exploring the experiences, views, and needs of family members of emergency response workers: a systematic review and meta-synthesis.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Pooled it
- Illness perception and psychosocial adjustment in young and middle-aged liver transplant recipients during the early postoperative period: the serial mediating roles of perceived social support and quality of life.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Designing Digital Mental Health Support for Paramedics Exposed to Trauma: Qualitative Study of Lived Experiences and Design Preferences.JMIR human factors · 2025Article
- Heroes in Red: Traumatic Event Exposure Linked to Reduced Wellbeing Among a Cohort of U.S. Ski Patrollers.Wilderness & environmental medicine · 2025Article
- The recovery processes among paramedics who encountered violence during work-a narrative interview study.Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England) · 2024Article
- 'I've got no PPE to protect my mind': understanding the needs and experiences of first responders exposed to trauma in the workplace.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
First responders, such as paramedics and firefighters, encounter duty-related traumatic exposures, which can lead to post-traumatic stress (PTS). Although social support protects against PTS, we know little about how first responders' families, spouses/partners, friends, and care-partners (i.e., 'trusted others') provide social support. This narrative review explores support behaviors, coping strategies, and resources trusted others use to support first responders. A structured literature search yielded 24 articles. We used House's (1981) conceptual framework to inform our analysis. We identified three main themes: providing support, finding support, and support needs. Additionally, we describe trusted others' self-reported preparedness, coping strategies, and barriers to providing social support. We found that trusted others provided different types of support: (a) emotional (fostering a safe space, giving autonomy over recovery, facilitating coping mechanisms, prioritizing first responders' emotional needs); (b) instrumental (prioritizing first responders' practical needs, handling household tasks, supporting recovery); (c) appraisal (active monitoring, verbal reassurance, positive reframing), and (d) informational (seeking informal learning). In their role, trusted others sought formal (organizational) and informal (peer and personal) support and resources, alongside intrapersonal and interpersonal coping strategies. Identified barriers include inadequate communication skills, maladaptive coping, and disempowering beliefs. Thus, we offer practical, treatment, and social support recommendations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.