ReviewHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Prehospital Time Interval for Urban and Rural Emergency Medical Services: A Systematic Literature Review.
Review in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed.
- A pilot study on feasibility and hypothesis exploration: reducing on-scene length of stay of the emergency teams via ambulance dispatch teleconsultation for prehospital examination.Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2025Trial
- Redefining rurality: adopting an identity-based and community-engaged approach to defining rural cancer disparities.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- Prehospital airway and ventilatory management: a collaborative and narrative review.Intensive care medicine · 2026Review
- Delays in Initiating Ambulance Transport Following Emergency Patient Referral to Mulago National Referral Hospital.Cureus · 2026Article
- Accuracy of Response Time Data in EMS Systematic Review. Comment on Alruwaili, A.; Alanazy, A.R.M. Prehospital Time Interval for Urban and Rural Emergency Medical Services: A Systematic Literature Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Urban-rural dichotomy of emergency medical service demand: spatiotemporal patterns and heterogeneous driving mechanisms.BMC public health · 2026Article
- History of Naloxone Possession Among Rural and Urban Individuals Participating in Prison-Based Treatment: An Observational Study.Substance use & addiction journal · 2026Observational
- Dispatch in disasters - a descriptive analysis of pre-hospital surge capacity in Rwanda's Emergency medical services.African journal of emergency medicine : Revue africaine de la medecine d'urgence · 2026Article
- Regional disparities in emergency medical services in Poland: a preliminary study.BMC emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Association between total prehospital time and early mortality in patients with severe torso trauma: a retrospective study at an urban Emergency and Critical Care Center.International journal of emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Unequal access to timely care: Geographic variation in prehospital time among injured patients at risk of hemorrhagic shock.Transfusion · 2026Article
- Pre-Hospital Delay in STEMI: A Narrative Review of Symptom Onset-to-First Medical Contact Across High-Income and Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Clinical cardiology · 2026Review
- Early Fracture Alignment Correction and Its Association with Neurologic Recovery in Pediatric Supracondylar Humeral Fractures.Clinics in orthopedic surgery · 2026Article
- Urban Environmental Determinants and Spatiotemporal Patterns of Emergency Medical Service Response to Traumatic Injuries: A Five-Year Population-Based Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Temporal trends and demographic patterns in hypertension-related mortality with intracerebral hemorrhage in the United States: 1999-2020.Global cardiology science & practice · 2026Article
- Geographic distribution of EMS missions and patient conditions in suburban and rural Sweden: a retrospective observational study.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2026Observational
- Trends and disparities in obesity and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease mortality in a 25-year retrospective analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Development and evaluation of a machine learning model to predict acute care for opioid use disorder among Medicaid enrollees engaged in a community-based treatment program.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- Trends and Disparities in Appendicitis-Related Mortality Across U.S. Demographics and Regions: A 22-Year CDC WONDER Database Study.World journal of surgery · 2025Article
- Influence of on-scene time and prehospital interventions on inhospital mortality in trauma patients.BMC emergency medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to discuss the differences in pre-hospital time intervals between rural and urban communities regarding emergency medical services (EMS). A systematic search was conducted through various relevant databases, together with a manual search to find relevant articles that compared rural and urban communities in terms of response time, on-scene time, and transport time. A total of 37 articles were ultimately included in this review. The sample sizes of the included studies was also remarkably variable, ranging between 137 and 239,464,121. Twenty-nine (78.4%) reported a difference in response time between rural and urban areas. Among these studies, the reported response times for patients were remarkably variable. However, most of them (number (n) = 27, 93.1%) indicate that response times are significantly longer in rural areas than in urban areas. Regarding transport time, 14 studies (37.8%) compared this outcome between rural and urban populations. All of these studies indicate the superiority of EMS in urban over rural communities. In another context, 10 studies (27%) reported on-scene time. Most of these studies (n = 8, 80%) reported that the mean on-scene time for their populations is significantly longer in rural areas than in urban areas. On the other hand, two studies (5.4%) reported that on-scene time is similar in urban and rural communities. Finally, only eight studies (21.6%) reported pre-hospital times for rural and urban populations. All studies reported a significantly shorter pre-hospital time in urban communities compared to rural communities. Conclusions: Even with the recently added data, short pre-hospital time intervals are still superior in urban over rural communities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.